跟读练习: What’s in the air you breathe? - Amy Hrdina and Jesse Kroll - 通过YouTube学习英语口语
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Take a deep breath.
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Take a deep breath.
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In that single intake of air, your lungs swelled with roughly 25 sextillion molecules, ranging from compounds produced days ago, to those formed billions of years in the past.
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In fact, many of the molecules you’re breathing were likely exhaled by members of ancient civilizations and innumerable humans since.
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But what exactly are we all breathing?
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Roughly 78% of Earth’s atmosphere is composed of nitrogen generated by volcanic activity deep beneath the planet’s crust.
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The next major ingredient is oxygen, accounting for 21% of Earth’s air.
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While oxygen molecules have been around as long as Earth’s oceans, oxygen gas didn’t appear until ocean dwelling microorganisms evolved to produce it.
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Finally, .93% of our air is argon, a molecule formed from the radioactive decay of potassium in Earth’s atmosphere, crust, and core.
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Together, all these dry gases make up 99.93% of each breath you take.
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Depending on when and where you are, the air may also contain some water vapor.
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But even more variable is that remaining .07%, which contains a world of possibilities.
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This small slice of air is composed of numerous small particles including pollen, fungal spores, and liquid droplets, alongside trace gases like methane and carbon dioxide.
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The specific cocktail of natural and man-made compounds changes dramatically from place to place.
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But no matter where you are, .07% of every breath you take likely contains man-made pollutants— potentially including toxic compounds that can cause lung disease, cancer, and even DNA damage.
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There’s a wide variety of known pollutants but they all fall into two categories.
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The first are primary pollutants.
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These toxic compounds are directly emitted from a man-made or naturally occurring source.
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However, they don't always come from the places you'd expect.
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Some large factories mostly generate water vapor, with only small quantities of pollutants mixed in.
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Conversely, burning wood or dung can create polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; dangerous compounds that have been linked to several types of cancer, as well as long-term DNA damage.
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In all cases, pollutants interact with regional weather patterns and topography, which can keep compounds local or spread them kilometers away.
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When these molecules travel through the air, a transformation occurs.
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Natural compounds called oxidants, formed by oxygen and sunlight, break down the pollutants.
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Sometimes, these reactions make pollutants more easily washed out by rain.
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But in other cases, they result in even more toxic secondary pollutants.
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For example, when factories burn coal, they release high concentrations of sulfur oxides.
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These molecules oxidize to form sulfates, which condense with water vapor in the air to form a blanket of fine particles that impair visibility and cause severe lung damage.
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This so-called sulfurous smog was well-known in 20th century London and continues to plague cities like Beijing.
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Since the advent of cars, another secondary pollutant has taken center stage.
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Exhaust from fossil fuel-burning vehicles releases nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons which react to form ozone.
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And while some ozone in the upper atmosphere helps shield us from ultraviolet rays, on the ground, this gas can form alongside secondary particles and create photochemical smog.
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This brown fog can be found covering densely packed cities, making seeing difficult and breathing hazardous.
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It also contributes to climate change by trapping heat in the atmosphere.
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In recent decades, industrial activity has contributed to a huge spike in various trace gas emissions, fundamentally changing the air we all breathe.
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Many places have already responded with countermeasures.
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Most cars produced since the 1980′s are equipped with catalytic converters that reduce the emission of carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides.
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And today, places like Beijing are battling smog by electrifying their energy infrastructure and limiting automobile emissions altogether.
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But while moving away from fossil fuels is essential, there's no universal remedy for air pollution.
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Different regions need to respond with unique regulations that account for their local pollutants.
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Because no matter where you live, we all share the same air.
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背景与背景
在《你呼吸的空气中有什么？》这段视频中，演讲者Amy Hrdina和Jesse Kroll深入探讨了我们每天所呼吸的空气的成分和变化。通过细致的分析，他们揭示了空气不仅由氮气和氧气组成，还有许多来自古代和现代的人类活动的其他成分。了解这些知识不仅扩展了我们的科学视野，还能帮助我们在日常交流中使用相关的英语术语，提高我们的英语口语练习能力。
日常交流的五个常用短语
- Take a deep breath.（深呼吸）
- What are we breathing?（我们在呼吸什么？）
- Natural compounds（自然化合物）
- Air pollution（空气污染）
- Environmental changes（环境变化）
逐步模仿指南
要有效利用这段视频来提高你的英语口语能力，遵循以下shadow speech步骤：
- 观看视频：第一次观看视频时，专注于理解内容，而不是语言。注意演讲者的语调和语速。
- 分段练习：将视频分成几小段，重复观看每一段。在观看时，注意并记住那些重要的短语和表达。
- 模仿发音：尝试模仿演讲者的发音和语调。重复他们的话，直到你能流利地说出这些句子。
- 记录自己：用手机或录音设备记录自己的发言，与原始视频对比，找出你在发音和语调上的差异。
- 练习与应用：在日常生活中尝试使用你学到的短语。可以在与朋友或同事交谈时，使用与空气和污染相关的主题进行交流。
通过这种方式，你不仅能够增强你看YouTube学英语的能力，还能够掌握处理环境话题的相关英语知识，帮助你在英语口语练习中变得更加自信。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。