跟读练习: Which is stronger: Glue or tape? - Elizabeth Cox - 通过YouTube学习英语口语
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The oldest glue in the world is over 8,000 years old and comes from a cave near the Dead Sea.
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The oldest glue in the world is over 8,000 years old and comes from a cave near the Dead Sea.
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Ancient people used this glue, made from a mixture of animal bone and plant materials, to waterproof baskets and construct utensils.
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And for thousands of years after, plants and animals were the glue that held human civilization together.
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Today, we have enough types of tape and glue to build and repair almost anything.
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But what gives glue and tape their stickiness?
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And is one stronger than the other?
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Adhesives can be made from synthetic molecules or natural proteins and carbohydrates like the vegetable starch dextrin, the milk protein casein, and the terpenes in tree resin.
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In order to work, glue and tape need both adhesive bonds and cohesive bonds.
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Adhesive bonds occur between an adhesive’s molecules and the molecules of whatever it’s sticking to.
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Cohesive bonds happen between a glue or tape’s own molecules, holding it together.
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Most glues consist of adhesive polymers dissolved in a solvent that prevents them from sticking to the inside of the bottle.
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The strong smell of many glues comes from the solvent, which evaporates when exposed to air.
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Some glues use water as a solvent, but others use chemicals that can be harmful to inhale.
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Glues with two or more components that chemically react instead of just drying can create stronger bonds.
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Both the adhesive and cohesive bonds of glue are strong, but the drying process makes them irreversible.
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This is why, if a glued surface is broken after it dries, it can’t be reattached without new glue.
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By contrast, when tape is applied to a surface, it forms weaker, reversible bonds, so you can peel a piece of tape off a surface and use it again.
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These weak bonds, called Van der Waals forces, can occur between any two materials, but only if they’re extremely close together, closer than the naked eye can see.
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Tape usually consists of a backing coated with a combination of a rubber or rubber-like "stretchy" component, and a compound called a tackifier.
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That’s the "sticky" component.
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A tape’s stickiness is determined by the proportion of elastic component and tackifier, the thickness of adhesive spread onto the backing, and the type of backing material.
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No chemical reaction occurs when tape is pressed onto a surface.
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Instead, the soft adhesive flows into the cracks and grooves of the surface.
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This ability to slide into cracks and then stay in place is called viscoelasticity.
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Once the viscoelastic adhesive fills these microscopic crevices, it is close enough to form Van der Waals forces.
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So what’s the world’s strongest adhesive?
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Well, there’s no one answer.
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In terms of absolute strength of adhesive bonds, glue is stronger than tape, but no single adhesive works well in all circumstances.
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Of the glues, cyanoacrylates, or super glues, may form the strongest bonds, but two-component epoxy glues have much higher resistance to heat and shearing, and are compatible with a wider range of surfaces.
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So, if you wanted to dangle an anvil in the air, super glue might be your best bet.
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But if you’re doing so over an active volcano, you’d want an epoxy instead.
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And in order to work at all, glues need enough real estate where surfaces touch.
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If for some reason you wanted to make a chain of bowling balls, duct tape would be better.
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Engineers weigh similar, if less absurd, factors all the time.
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Choosing the right glue to withstand the heat inside an engine is a matter of life and death.
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And though the strength of duct tape’s adhesive bonds can’t compete with those of epoxy glues, tape does have the advantage of instantaneous stickiness in an emergency.
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Glue may be necessary to get a rocket to space, but when it comes to extraterrestrial repairs, stick to duct tape: liquid glues don’t work in zero gravity.
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为什么使用这个视频练习口语？
通过观看并跟读关于“胶水和胶带哪一个更强”的视频，您可以在有趣的背景下练习英语口语技巧。这类内容不仅提供了科学知识，还让您在学习时保持兴奋和好奇心。通过尝试英语影子跟读，您能够更加清晰地发音，并掌握讲述的节奏和语调。这样的练习有助于提升您的流利度，并在实际对话中更加自信。
语法与表达在情境中的应用
- 比较结构：视频中使用了许多比较的表达方式，如“胶水更强”和“胶带则更加灵活”。这种结构帮助我们学会如何比较不同的事物和选择合适的表达。
- 条件句：像“如果你要悬挂一个铁砧”这样的句子展示了条件与结果之间的关系，是口语中常用的表达方式。这种句型可以帮助学习者在讨论假设或建议时更为流利。
- 分词结构：如“受伤后不能重新粘合”中的“受伤后”，展示了如何使用分词来简化句子，同时使表达更加自然。
常见发音难点
视频中的一些词语和发音可能对学习者构成挑战，特别是“胶水(super glue)”和“粘合剂(adhesive)”等词汇。其中，“粘合剂”的发音有时候在快速对话中容易被忽视，务必要特别注意。此外，许多学习者在模仿视频时，可能会对“威德华力(Van der Waals forces)”的发音感到困难。进行shadowspeak练习时，反复练习这些词会提高您的发音精确度，同时也能帮助您更好地理解口语表达。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。