跟读练习: Why Are People Starting to Sound Like ChatGPT? | Adam Aleksic | TED - 通过YouTube学习英语口语
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How sure are you that you can tell what's real online?
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How sure are you that you can tell what's real online?
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(Laughter) You might think it's easy to spot an obviously AI-generated image, and you're probably aware that algorithms are biased in some way.
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But all the evidence is suggesting that we're pretty bad at understanding that on a subconscious level.
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Take, for example, the growing perception gap in America.
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We keep over- and overestimating how extreme other people's political beliefs are, and this is only getting worse with social media, because algorithms show us the most extreme picture of reality.
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As an etymologist and content creator, I always see controversial messages go more viral because they generate more engagement than a neutral perspective.
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But that means we all end up seeing this more extreme version of reality, and we're clearly starting to confuse that with actual reality.
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The same thing is currently happening with AI chatbots, because you probably assume that ChatGPT is speaking English to you, except it's not speaking English, in the same way that the algorithm's not showing you reality.
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There are always distortions, depending on what goes into the model and how it's trained.
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Like we know that ChatGPT says “delve” at way higher rates than usual, possibly because OpenAI outsourced its training process to workers in Nigeria who do, actually, say, "delve" more frequently.
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Over time, though, that little linguistic overrepresentation got reinforced into the model even more than in the workers' own dialects.
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Now that's affecting everybody's language.
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Multiple studies have found that, since ChatGPT came out, people everywhere have been saying the word "delve" more in spontaneous spoken conversation.
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Essentially, we're subconsciously confusing the AI version of language with actual language.
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But that means that the real thing is, ironically, getting closer to the machine version of the thing.
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We're in a positive feedback loop with the AI representing reality, us thinking that's the real reality, and regurgitating it so the AI can be fed more of our data.
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You can also see this with the algorithm through words like "hyperpop," [not a] part of our cultural lexicon until Spotify noticed an emerging cluster of similar users in their algorithm.
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[When] they identified it and introduced a hyperpop playlist, however, the aesthetic was given a direction.
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Now people began to debate what did and did not qualify as hyperpop.
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The label and the playlist made the phenomenon more real by giving them something to identify with or against.
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And as more people identified with hyperpop, more musicians also started making hyperpop music.
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All the while, the cluster of similar listeners in the algorithm grew larger, and Spotify kept pushing it more, because these platforms want to amplify cultural trends to keep you on the app.
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But that means we also lose the distinction between a real trend and an artificially inflated trend.
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And yet, this is how all fads now enter the mainstream.
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We start with a latent cultural desire.
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Maybe some people are interested in matcha, Labubu or Dubai chocolate.
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The algorithm identifies this desire and pushes it to similar users, making the phenomenon more of a thing.
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But again, just like how ChatGPT misrepresented the word "delve," the algorithm is probably misrepresenting reality.
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Now more businesses are making Labubu content because they think that's the desire.
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More influencers are also making Labubu trends because we have to tap into trends to go viral.
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And yet, the algorithm is only showing you the visually provocative items that work in the video format.
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TikTok has a limited idea of who you are as a user, and there's no way that matches up with your complex desires as a human being.
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So we have a biased input.
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And that's assuming that social media is trying to faithfully represent reality, which it isn't.
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It's only trying to do what's going to make money for them.
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It's in Spotify's interest to have you listening to hyperpop, and it’s in TikTok’s to have you looking at Labubus because that's commodifiable.
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So again, we have this difference between reality and representation, where they're actually constantly influencing one another.
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But it's incredibly dangerous to ignore that distinction, because this goes beyond our language and consumptive behaviors.
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This affects the world we see as possible.
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Evidence suggests that ChatGPT is more conservative when speaking the Farsi language, likely because of the limited training texts in Iran reflect the more conservative political climate in the region.
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Does that mean that Iranian ChatGPT users will think more conservative thoughts?
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Elon Musk regularly makes changes to his chatbot Grok when he doesn't like how it's responding, and then uses his platform X to artificially amplify his tweets.
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Does that mean that the millions of Grok and X users are subconsciously being trained to align with Musk's ideology?
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We need to constantly remember that these aren't neutral tools.
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Everything that ends up in your social media feed or in your chatbot responses is actually filtered through many layers of what's good for the platform, what makes money and what conforms to the platform’s incorrect idea about who you are.
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When we ignore this, we view reality through a constant survivorship bias, which affects our understanding of the world.
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After all, if you're talking more like ChatGPT, you're probably thinking more like ChatGPT as well, or TikTok or Spotify.
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But you can fight this if you constantly ask yourself: Why?
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Why am I seeing this?
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Why am I saying this?
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Why am I thinking this?
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And why is the platform rewarding this?
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If you don't ask yourself these questions, their version of reality is going to become your version of reality.
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So stay real.
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(Cheers and applause)
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关于本课
在本课中，您将练习如何在日常英语对话中识别和使用现代语言用法。特别是，您将练习一些与社交媒体和人工智能（AI）相关的词汇，这些词汇正在逐渐影响我们的语言表达。这种练习将帮助您提高英语发音，并使您在雅思口语练习中更具自信。
关键词汇与短语
- delve - 深入探讨
- hyperpop - 一种新兴的音乐流派
- algorithm - 算法
- bias - 偏见
- train - 训练（在此指机器学习）
- inflated trend - 人为夸大的趋势
- representation - 代表（描述或表现的方式）
- subconsciously - 潜意识地
练习技巧
在进行影子练习时，建议您选择本视频中的片段，以体会讲者的语速与语调。可以尝试以下方法：
- 首先，听一遍视频，了解整体内容和情感基调。注意讲者强调的单词和短语。
- 接下来，选择一小段进行反复听和模仿，即使是简短的句子也可以。根据自己的需求，在特定的片段进行多次练习。
- 在练习时，配合声调和情感，使表达更自然。运用shadow speak的方式，增强记忆。
- 如果难度较大，可以调整播放速度，让自己有更多时间跟上讲者的语速。
- 最后，通过与朋友或语言伙伴进行对话练习，使用您所学习的词汇，从而将其融入到真实交流中。
记住，调整自己的发音和口音并不是一蹴而就的，而是一个不断实践和逐步改进的过程。利用这些技巧，您将在任何shadowing site上找到更大的信心，并能有效提高您的英语口语水平。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。