跟读练习: Why do we cry? The three types of tears - Alex Gendler - 通过YouTube学习英语口语
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Our story is about a girl named Iris.
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Our story is about a girl named Iris.
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Iris is very sensitive.
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(Bird cawing) So much that she is always in tears.
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She cries when she's sad, when she's happy, (Godzilla roars) and even tears up when things just get to her.
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She has special lacrimal glands to make new tears and special tubes, called lacrimal puncta, to drain old ones away.
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And she cries so much that she goes through ten ounces of tears per day, thirty gallons a year!
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In fact, if you look closely, you'll see that she's crying a little bit all the time.
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The basal tears that Iris constantly produces form a thin coating of three layers that cover her and keep dirt and debris away.
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Right next to Iris is the mucus layer, which keeps the whole thing fastened to her.
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On top of it is the aqueous layer, which keeps Iris hydrated, repels invasive bacteria, and protects her skin, or cornea, from damage.
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And, finally, there is the lipid layer, an oily outer film that keeps the surface smooth for Iris to see through, and prevents the other layers from evaporating.
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Normally, Iris goes about her day without really noticing the basal tears doing their thing.
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That's kind of their whole point.
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But one day, she meets a girl named Onion.
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Iris is immediately smitten.
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Onion looks gorgeous in her bright purple jacket, and she smells terrific.
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So, Iris invites Onion to her house for dinner.
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But when she comes in and takes off her jacket, something terrible happens.
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You see, when Onion's jacket is removed, a chemical reaction happens, converting the sulfoxides that make her smell so great into sulfenic acid, which then becomes a nasty substance with a long name: syn-Propanethial S-oxide.
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The gas stings Iris, and suddenly, she can't help it, she starts weeping uncontrollably.
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These reflex tears are different from the basal tears that Iris is used to.
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Because they're designed to wash away harmful substances, or particles, they're released in much larger amounts, and their aqueous layer contains more antibodies to stop any microorganisms that may be trying to get in, as well.
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Both Iris and Onion are devastated.
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They know they can't continue their relationship if Iris is going to hurt and cry every time Onion takes off her jacket.
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So, they decide to break up.
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As Onion walks out the door, Iris stops crying.
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And immediately starts again.
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Only now, she's not crying reflex tears but emotional tears.
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When someone is either too sad or too happy, it feels like a loss of control, which can be dangerous.
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So, emotional tears are sent in to stabilize the mood as quickly as possible, along with other physical reactions, such as an increased heart rate and slower breathing.
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But scientists still aren't sure exactly how or why the tears themselves are helpful.
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They may be a social mechanism to elicit sympathy or show submission.
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But some studies have also found that emotional tears contain higher levels of stress hormones, such as ACTH and enkephalin, an endorphin and natural pain killer.
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In this case, emotional tears are also directly calming Iris down, as well as signaling her emotional state to others.
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Sorry things didn't work out with Onion, Iris, but don't worry.
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As long as you have all three kinds of tears working to keep you balanced and healthy, it will get better.
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You'll see.
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为什么要通过这个视频练习说话？
在这段视频中，Iris的故事让我们深入了解伤感、快乐和情感的复杂性。通过与Iris的情感连接，学习者可以更好地理解在不同情境下的情感表达，并模仿视频中的自然对话。练习说话时，学习者不仅能够提升发音，还能通过理解情感的表达来增强与他人的互动能力。使用英语影子跟读技巧，让学习者在重复Iris的对话中提高口语流利度，也能帮助记忆当中的语法结构和表达方式。
语法与表达在语境中的应用
以下是视频中使用的几个关键结构和表达，它们可以帮助学习者在口语中变得更加自信：
- 动词时态的使用：视频中使用了简单现在时和一般过去时，让我们看到事件发生的时间。如“她总是流泪”和“他们决定分手”。
- 条件句的构造：当Iris与Onion相处时，通过条件句表达出情感的脆弱性，如“如果Iris每次都哭泣，他们就无法继续关系。”
- 情感形容词的丰富使用：在描述情感时，使用了像“美丽的”、“可怕的”和“伤心的”等形容词，帮助学习者用更准确的词汇表达自己的感受。
常见的发音陷阱
在视频中，有一些词汇和短语可能会让学习者在发音时受到挑战：
- 化学反应相关词汇：如“sulfoxides”（亚硫酰基）、“sulfenic acid”（亚硫酸）及“syn-Propanethial S-oxide”，这些并不是常见的词汇，可能需要特别注意其发音。
- 情感表达中的连读：在自然对话中，连接词汇如“that is”的发音常常变成“’s”，需要注意连贯的表达。
- 感叹词的使用：如“Wow!”或“Oh!”这样的感叹词，在口语中要注意其语音的提升，增添情感的自然流露。
通过专注于这些发音陷阱和语法结构，学习者可以有效地利用视频中的内容进行雅思口语练习，并提升自己的口语能力。将魔法般的shadow speech融入日常练习，让英语口语能力逐步增强，迈向流利的沟通。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。