跟读练习: Why do we dream? - Amy Adkins - 通过YouTube学习英语口语
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In the third millenium BCE, Mesopotamian kings recorded and interpreted their dreams on wax tablets.
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In the third millenium BCE, Mesopotamian kings recorded and interpreted their dreams on wax tablets.
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A thousand years later, Ancient Egyptians wrote a dream book listing over a hundred common dreams and their meanings.
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And in the years since, we haven't paused in our quest to understand why we dream.
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So, after a great deal of scientific research, technological advancement, and persistence, we still don't have any definite answers, but we have some interesting theories.
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We dream to fulfill our wishes.
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In the early 1900s, Sigmund Freud proposed that while all of our dreams, including our nightmares, are a collection of images from our daily conscious lives, they also have symbolic meanings, which relate to the fulfillment of our subconscious wishes.
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Freud theorized that everything we remember when we wake up from a dream is a symbolic representation of our unconscious primitive thoughts, urges, and desires.
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Freud believed that by analyzing those remembered elements, the unconscious content would be revealed to our conscious mind, and psychological issues stemming from its repression could be addressed and resolved.
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We dream to remember.
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To increase performance on certain mental tasks, sleep is good, but dreaming while sleeping is better.
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In 2010, researchers found that subjects were much better at getting through a complex 3-D maze if they had napped and dreamed of the maze prior to their second attempt.
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In fact, they were up to ten times better at it than those who only thought of the maze while awake between attempts, and those who napped but did not dream about the maze.
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Researchers theorize that certain memory processes can happen only when we are asleep, and our dreams are a signal that these processes are taking place.
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We dream to forget.
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There are about 10,000 trillion neural connections within the architecture of your brain.
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They are created by everything you think and everything you do.
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A 1983 neurobiological theory of dreaming, called reverse learning, holds that while sleeping, and mainly during REM sleep cycles, your neocortex reviews these neural connections and dumps the unnecessary ones.
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Without this unlearning process, which results in your dreams, your brain could be overrun by useless connections and parasitic thoughts could disrupt the necessary thinking you need to do while you're awake.
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We dream to keep our brains working.
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The continual activation theory proposes that your dreams result from your brain's need to constantly consolidate and create long-term memories in order to function properly.
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So when external input falls below a certain level, like when you're asleep, your brain automatically triggers the generation of data from its memory storages, which appear to you in the form of the thoughts and feelings you experience in your dreams.
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In other words, your dreams might be a random screen saver your brain turns on so it doesn't completely shut down.
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We dream to rehearse.
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Dreams involving dangerous and threatening situations are very common, and the primitive instinct rehearsal theory holds that the content of a dream is significant to its purpose.
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Whether it's an anxiety-filled night of being chased through the woods by a bear or fighting off a ninja in a dark alley, these dreams allow you to practice your fight or flight instincts and keep them sharp and dependable in case you'll need them in real life.
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But it doesn't always have to be unpleasant.
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For instance, dreams about your attractive neighbor could actually give your reproductive instinct some practice, too.
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We dream to heal.
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Stress neurotransmitters in the brain are much less active during the REM stage of sleep, even during dreams of traumatic experiences, leading some researchers to theorize that one purpose of dreaming is to take the edge off painful experiences to allow for psychological healing.
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Reviewing traumatic events in your dreams with less mental stress may grant you a clearer perspective and enhanced ability to process them in psychologically healthy ways.
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People with certain mood disorders and PTSD often have difficulty sleeping, leading some scientists to believe that lack of dreaming may be a contributing factor to their illnesses.
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We dream to solve problems.
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Unconstrained by reality and the rules of conventional logic, in your dreams, your mind can create limitless scenarios to help you grasp problems and formulate solutions that you may not consider while awake.
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John Steinbeck called it the committee of sleep, and research has demonstrated the effectiveness of dreaming on problem solving.
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It's also how renowned chemist August Kekule discovered the structure of the benzene molecule, and it's the reason that sometimes the best solution for a problem is to sleep on it.
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And those are just a few of the more prominent theories.
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As technology increases our capability for understanding the brain, it's possible that one day we will discover the definitive reason for them.
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But until that time arrives, we'll just have to keep on dreaming.
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背景与上下文
在这段视频中，Amy Adkins 探讨了一个既古老又引人入胜的话题：梦的意义。从古代美索不达 米亚的国王记录梦境，到古埃及人编写梦书，人类一直在尝试理解梦的奥秘。尽管科学和技术不断发展，我们对梦的本质却仍未有明确的答案，但有多个有趣的理论可以帮助我们理解梦的作用。在学习英语的过程中，了解这些不同的梦境理论能够促进我们的语言学习，特别是在听力和口语表达方面。
日常交流的五个重要短语
- 梦想意义：用于讨论梦的潜在涵义。
- 重温经历：提到通过梦来回顾自己的经历和情感。
- 情感处理：描述梦在心理健康中的作用。
- 应对压力：关于梦在减轻心理压力中的重要作用。
- 问题解决：表示梦作为解决问题的一种途径。
逐步跟读指南
在您使用 英语影子跟读 来练习这些理论时，以下是一些逐步的方法，帮助您应对这段视频的难度：
- 倾听与理解：首先，仔细听视频的每一句话，尝试理解其内容和背景。使用提高英语发音的技巧，关注每个单词的发音和重音。
- 逐句模仿：在每一句后暂停，练习模仿其发音。可以在这一过程中加入 shadow speak 的技巧，以便更加自然地说出这些短语。
- 重复与校正：多次重复模仿，注意自己的发音和语调。可以录音对比，寻找需要改进的地方。
- 加入上下文：尝试将短语放入自己的句子中，练习与他人的对话，这对雅思口语练习尤其有效。
- 反馈与调整：寻求他人的反馈，了解自己在口语中可能存在的问题，并进行调整。
通过以上的方法，您将在梦的主题中提高英语口语练习能力。运用这些短语和技巧，您会发现自己在与他人沟通时更加自信和流利。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。