跟读练习: Why do we hiccup? - John Cameron - 通过YouTube学习英语口语
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Charles Osborne began to hiccup in 1922,
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after a hog fell on top of him.
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He wasn't cured until 68 years later,
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and is now listed by Guinness as the world record holder for hiccup longevity.
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Meanwhile, Florida teen Jennifer Mee may hold the record for the most frequent hiccups,
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50 times per minute for more than four weeks in 2007.
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So what causes hiccups?
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Doctors point out that a round of hiccups often follows from stimuli that stretch the stomach,
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like swallowing air or too rapid eating or drinking.
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Others associate hiccups with intense emotions or our response to them— laughing,
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sobbing, anxiety, and excitement.
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Let's look at what happens when we hiccup.
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It begins with an involuntary spasm,
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or sudden contraction, of the diaphragm,
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the large dome-shaped muscle below our lungs that we use to inhale air.
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This is followed almost immediately by the sudden closure of the vocal cords and the opening between them,
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which is called the glottis.
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The movement of the diaphragm initiates a sudden intake of air,
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but the closure of the vocal cords stops it from entering the windpipe and reaching the lungs.
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It also creates the characteristic sound.
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Hiccups!
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To date, there is no known function for hiccups.
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don't seem to provide any medical or physiological advantage.
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Why begin to inhale air only to suddenly stop it from actually entering the lungs?
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Anatomical structures or physiological mechanisms with no apparent purpose present challenges to evolutionary biologists.
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Do such structures serve some hidden function that hasn't yet been discovered?
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Or are they relics of our evolutionary past,
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having once served some important purpose,
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only to persist into the present as vestigial remnants.
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One idea is that hiccups began many millions of years before the appearance of humans.
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The lung is thought to have evolved as a structure to allow early fish,
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many of which lived in warm,
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stagnant water with little oxygen,
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to take advantage of the abundant oxygen in the air overhead.
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When descendants of these animals later moved on to land,
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they moved from gill-based ventilation to air-breathing with lungs.
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That's similar to the much more rapid changes faced by frogs
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today as they transition from tadpoles with gills to adults with lungs.
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This hypothesis suggests that the hiccup is a relic of the ancient transition from water to land,
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an inhalation that could move water over gills,
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followed by a rapid closure of the glottis preventing water from entering the lungs.
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That's supported by evidence which suggests
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that the neural patterning involved in generating a hiccup is almost identical to that responsible for respiration in amphibians.
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Another group of scientists believe that the reflex is retained in us today because it actually provides an important advantage.
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They point out that true hiccups are found only in mammals and that they're not retained in birds,
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lizards, turtles, or any other exclusively air-breathing animals.
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Further, hiccups appear in human babies long before birth and are far more common in infants than adults.
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Their explanation for this involves the uniquely mammalian activity of nursing.
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The ancient hiccup reflex may have been adapted by mammals to
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help remove air from the stomach as a sort of glorified burp.
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The sudden expansion of the diaphragm would raise air from the stomach,
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while a closure of the glottis would prevent milk from entering the lungs.
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Sometimes a bout of hiccups will go on and on.
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And we try home remedies,
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sipping continuously from a glass of cold water,
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holding one's breath, a mouthful of honey or peanut butter,
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breathing into a paper bag, or being suddenly frightened.
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Unfortunately, scientists have yet to verify that any one cure works better or more consistently than others than others.
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However, we do know one thing that definitely doesn't work.
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本课概述
在本课中，您将学习有关打嗝的有趣事实和科学原理。这不仅可以帮助您扩展词汇量，还能在练习雅思口语时运用这些知识。通过观察视频，您将学会如何自然地模仿讲话的语调和语速，增强您的英语口语能力。我们将通过反复跟读视频中的录音，促进您的语言学习，让您在说英语时更加流利。此次学习适合想要通过看YouTube学英语的学习者，特别是需要提升口语表达的人。
关键词汇与短语
- 打嗝 (hiccup)
- 膈肌 (diaphragm)
- 情绪 (emotion)
- 无意识的 (involuntary)
- 生理 (physiological)
- 古老的 (ancient)
- 吸入 (inhalation)
- 嗓音 (vocal cords)
练习技巧
在进行影子跟读时，建议您首先放慢视频播放的速度，以便更准确地捕捉每一个词汇和发音。您可以使用shadowspeaks的方法，模仿讲话者的语调和语速，帮助加强您的发音和流利度。在照着视频的语速跟读时，注意讲话者的呼吸和停顿，这有助于您理解如何在说英语时运用不同的情感和语气。此外，了解每个词的发音和含义，将使您在雅思口语练习中更加自信。结合这些技巧，您将能够更好地使用所学的单词和短语，提升您的英语口语能力。在练习过程中，随时停下视频，重复每一句话，以确保您掌握每个重要表达。利用这个机会，通过看YouTube学英语来提高您的口语水平，打造流利地道的英语表达！
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。