跟读练习: Why isn't the world covered in poop? - Eleanor Slade and Paul Manning - 通过YouTube学习英语口语
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The Dung Beetle Somewhere near you, an animal is defecating.
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The Dung Beetle Somewhere near you, an animal is defecating.
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In fact, each day, the animal kingdom produces roughly enough dung to match the volume of water pouring over the Victoria Falls.
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So why isn't the planet covered in the stuff?
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You can thank the humble dung beetle for eating up the excess.
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Capable of burying 250 times their body weight in a single night,
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these valiant insects make quick work of an endless stream of feces.
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Over 7,000 known species of dung beetle run cleanup duty across six continents, everywhere except Antarctica.
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A dung beetle's first task is to locate dung.
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Some live on the anal regions of larger animals,
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ready to leap off when they defecate.
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Others sniff out feces that animals leave behind.
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A pile of elephant dung can attract 4,000 beetles in 15 minutes.
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So once a beetle finds dung,
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it must work quickly to secure some of the bounty for itself.
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Most dung beetle species fall into one of three main groups— rollers, tunnelers, and dwellers.
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Dung rollers sculpt a ball of dung,
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and using their back legs,
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quickly roll it away from competitors.
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Potential partners jump on the ball,
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and once the ballmaker has selected their mate,
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the pair dig their dung ball into the soil.
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Once it's been buried, the female lays a single egg within the dung ball.
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Tunnelers have a different approach.
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Digging underneath a pad, some drag dung down into the soil and pack it into clumps known as brood balls,
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dung balls, or dung sausages,
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depending on their shape and size.
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Male tunnelers sport a spectacular array of horns to fight each other for control of these tunnels,
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which they then defend until the females laid her egg.
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Some male tunnelers avoid the fray by masquerading as hornless females
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and sneaking into tunnels to mate while the guardians' heads are turned.
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The third group of dung beetles,
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dwellers, take the most straightforward approach,
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laying their eggs directly into a dung pad.
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This makes their offspring more vulnerable to predation than those of the tunnelers and rollers.
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As the larvae feed, they riddle the dung pat with tunnels,
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leaving remains that are quickly colonized by bacteria and fungi and weathered away.
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Inside a tunnel, ball, or pat,
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once the larvae hatch, they consume the dung before metamorphosing into a pupa and then an adult beetle.
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Besides clearing dung, the actions of these beetles have considerable ecological importance.
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For one, they serve as secondary seed dispersers.
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Dung from monkeys, wild pigs,
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and other animals is riddled with seeds from the fruits they eat.
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When beetles bury their dung balls,
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they inadvertently protect these seeds from predators and increase the likelihood they'll germinate.
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The advantage is so great that one South African plant has evolved to produce seeds that look and smell like dung,
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like dung, to trick beetles into burying them.
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Dung beetles also play important roles in agricultural systems.
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Livestock like cows and sheep produce huge amounts of dung,
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which contains nutrients that can benefit plants.
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The beetles break up the dung and tunnel it deep into the soil,
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bringing the nutrients into close contact with plant roots.
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Their services to farmers have been valued at $380 million a year in the US
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and 367 million pounds a year in the UK.
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Dung beetles can even help us battle global warming by reducing greenhouse gas emissions associated with farming.
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Microbes living in oxygen-poor livestock dung produce methane, a potent greenhouse gas.
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But beetles oxygenate pats when they tunnel into them,
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preventing the microbes from producing methane.
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The dung beetle spreads seeds,
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helps farmers, and fights climate change,
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and accomplishes it all simply by doing its business.
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Maybe next time you come across some dung in the forest or a field,
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you'll be tempted to take a closer look.
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If you want to learn more about nature's pooper scoopers,
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We highly recommend Animal Weapons by Douglas J.
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Emlin.
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This book includes more wildly fascinating facts about dung beetles and digs deep into the survival strategies of animals around the world.
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Read our full recommendation and snag a copy by visiting ed.ted.com slash books.
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Check out the comment section to learn more.
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背景与背景
在这段视频中，Eleanor Slade和Paul Manning探讨了一个看似简单却引人深思的问题：为什么世界上没有覆盖一层粪便？他们揭示了粪甲虫在生态系统中的重要作用，尤其是在处理动物排泄物方面。这段对话不仅有趣，还提供了诸多关于自然界的知识，非常适合英语学习者通过听力练习提升其英语口语能力，特别是在提升发音和表达流利度方面。
日常交流的五个重点短语
- “an animal is defecating”： 一种动物正在排泄。
- “the animal kingdom produces roughly enough dung”： 动物界每天产生的粪便大致相当于。
- “capable of burying”： 能够埋下。
- “finds dung”： 找到粪便。
- “serve as secondary seed dispersers”： 作为第二次种子传播者。
这些短语在日常对话中不仅能帮助你更准确地表达自己的想法，还能在雅思口语练习中增加你与考官沟通的流畅度。通过了解这些短语的用法，学习者可以更自信地进行英语口语练习。
逐步影子跟读指南
要有效地进行这段视频的英语影子跟读，学习者可以遵循以下步骤：
- 选择正确的部分： 从视频中选择一小段，建议时长在1-2分钟，方便集中注意力。
- 观看并理解内容： 首先完整观看一遍视频，理解主要内容，记住观察音调和重音。
- 逐句跟读： 播放视频的部分时，暂停并重复听到的句子。确保能模仿发音和语调，帮助提高英语发音。
- 提高流利度： 在熟悉句子的基础上，尝试不暂停地复述整段内容，从而提升口语的流利度。
- 反复练习： 定期返回到该视频，选择不同的短语进行练习，逐步增强自己的表达能力。
通过这种逐步影子跟读的方法，你不仅能提升英语口语练习的整体水平，还能加深对内容的理解。这种技巧同样适用于其他视频和材料，成为提高英语沟通能力的有效手段。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。