تدريب Shadowing: How does the morning-after pill prevent pregnancy? - Alison Edelman - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية مع YouTube

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In a 2021 study, researchers asked over 500 participants a simple question:

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In a 2021 study, researchers asked over 500 participants a simple question:

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how does the morning-after pill work?

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Despite these pills widespread use, 60% answered incorrectly.

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Emergency contraceptives are often misunderstood.

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In fact, even the phrase “the morning-after pill” is a misnomer.

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So, how do they work?

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Each month, the brain and the ovaries prepare an egg to be released.

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First, a group of immature eggs start to grow protective, fluid-filled sacs called follicles.

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Around the eighth day, one of these follicles becomes mature or dominant, and the others are reabsorbed.

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At this point, the brain signals the pituitary gland to produce luteinizing hormone, often just called LH.

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A big surge in LH tells the dominant follicle to rupture, releasing the egg.

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This is ovulation.

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The egg travels to the fallopian tube, where it stays for about 24 hours, and it’s only in this very short window that it can be fertilized by sperm.

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The rise of LH also stimulates the production of a hormone called progesterone.

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When progesterone binds at specific receptors, this also helps to signal ovulation.

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And high levels of progesterone are vital for preparing the uterine lining to support the possible implantation of a fertilized egg.

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So, where do emergency contraceptive pills come into play?

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Emergency contraceptives are not abortion pills.

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Instead, they work much earlier in the process before pregnancy, by disrupting or delaying ovulation.

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There are two main types of pills.

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The first type, sometimes called Plan B, contains a molecule called levonorgestrel, which is structurally very similar to the body’s hormone, progesterone.

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When taken, levonorgestrel interferes with the production of LH.

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Because LH doesn’t surge, there’s no ovulation.

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That said, Plan B needs to be taken before an LH surge.

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It can’t prevent ovulation once LH starts rising.

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The second type of pill contains a molecule called ulipristal acetate.

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It works by blocking progesterone from binding at receptors, thereby delaying ovulation.

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Ulipristal acetate works even if LH has already begun to rise, which means it’s effective in a wider window of time than Plan B.

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Since both pills work by blocking or delaying ovulation, the name “the morning-after pill” can be misleading.

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Emergency contraceptives are most effective when taken as soon as possible after sex, to better the chance of disrupting ovulation before it occurs.

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There is no need to wait until morning.

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For this reason, many healthcare providers suggest having them on hand.

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Yet emergency contraceptives may still prevent pregnancy even if they’re taken 3 to 5 days after sex, depending on the pill.

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That’s because sperm can live in the reproductive tract for about five days.

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So, for example, if a person ovulates three days after having unprotected sex, there's still a chance of pregnancy.

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Since it's difficult to know exactly where someone is in their cycle, it’s best to take emergency contraceptives as soon as possible.

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But perhaps the most widely held misconception about these pills is that they can harm a person’s future fertility.

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Decades of research have shown that this isn’t the case, even if emergency contraceptives are taken multiple times.

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In fact, the effects of both pills are short lived, and they don't provide continued protection.

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It's recommended that a person uses condoms for the remainder of their cycle, and if they have unprotected sex again, then repeat use.

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Of course, emergency contraceptive pills aren’t failproof.

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As they neither prevent fertilization nor the implantation of a fertilized egg, these pills are ineffective if someone has already ovulated, or the LH surge has already peaked.

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However, there is a third option that can protect against pregnancy, even if a person has already ovulated.

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Many people know copper intrauterine devices, or IUDs, as a form of long-term birth control, but they also work to prevent pregnancy if inserted soon after unprotected sex.

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Unlike emergency contraceptive pills, a copper IUD can prevent pregnancy before and after fertilization.

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Copper is toxic to sperm and creates a uterine environment that makes implantation unlikely.

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Of course, copper IUDs might be less accessible in an emergency situation— they must be inserted by a trained healthcare provider.

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But on the upside, they continue to prevent pregnancy for at least 10 years while in place.

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Most healthcare providers agree that it's more effective, as well as less expensive, to use a regular form of birth control when trying to avoid pregnancy.

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But if or when you need it, emergency contraceptives are a safe option to use.

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تدريب Shadowing: How does the morning-after pill prevent pregnancy? - Alison Edelman - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية مع YouTube

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