Shadowing Practice: History of Israel-Palestine Conflict - Learn English Speaking with Video
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Israel, the world's only Jewish state, located east of the Mediterranean Sea,
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and Palestine, the territory of the Arab population that hails from the Israel -controlled land,
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have long been known for their enduring conflict with the Israeli occupation of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip.
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The tension between Israel and Palestine has been deteriorating in years, climaxing with many violent clashes between the two sides.
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To understand the root of the Israel -Palestine conflict, we have to look back a few thousand years ago.
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I'm sorry.
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Early history of Israeli -Palestinian conflict.
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In the 17th centuries BC, following the call of God, three patriarchs of the Jewish people, Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, settled in Canaan,
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a region approximating present day Israel, the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, parts of Lebanon, Syria and Jordan.
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The region later had the name the Land of Israel, the Promised Land, the Palestine region, or the Holy Land.
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In 1000 BC, King Saul established the Israelite monarchy, which then was ruled by King David who made Jerusalem the capital of his kingdom,
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and his son King Solomon who built the first temple in Jerusalem.
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After the death of King Solomon, the united monarchy was split into the Kingdom of Israel in the north, with Samaria as the capital, and the Kingdom of Judah in the south,
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with Jerusalem as the capital.
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The land became home to a majority of Jews, but then it was subject to numerous conquests of various groups,
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leading to the significant decrease of the Jewish population on the land.
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One of these conquests was conducted by the Roman Empire, who gave the name Palestine to Judah intending to break the Jewish connection with the land of Israel.
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During this time Christianity, which started as a Jewish sect, ultimately became a dominant religion toward the end of the Roman Empire.
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In the 7th century came an Arab conquest, beginning the spread of Islam.
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The Dome of the Rock was built on the ruin of the Second Temple, making Jerusalem the Holy City to three monotheistic religions: Judaism, Christianity and Islam.
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After Christians in Jerusalem were intensely persecuted by the Seljuk Turks, a Central Asian Empire with ambition to expand its territory,
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Christians in Europe launched several crusades to bring the Holy City back to the hand of the Christians.
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During this time, many Jews were killed, others were making pilgrimages everywhere, mostly in Western Europe.
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From the 16th century to World War I, the Holy Land, along with much of the Middle East, was ruled by the Ottoman Empire, an Islamic superpower.
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The land was unofficially called Palestine.
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At the same time in Europe, more and more Jews were joining a movement called Zionism, aiming to create a Jewish national state in its ancient homeland.
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Hence, in the first decade of the 20th century, tens of thousands of Jews moved from Europe back to the region.
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Israel and Palestine under the British rule.
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World War I exploded and ended with the collapse of the Ottoman Empire.
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Its land in the Middle East was carved by the British and French empires.
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The British then gave more independence for Iraq and Jordan, and the region remaining under the control of Britain was what it called the British Mandate for Palestine,
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where Britain promised to establish a Jewish national homeland under its Balfour Declaration, which went into effect in 1923.
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Tensions between the Jews and the Arabs who both claimed the land grew, which even led to acts of violence.
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By the 1930s, following the increasing Jewish population in Palestine due to the fear of persecution during the Nazi reign in Germany,
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the British limited Jewish immigration.
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In response, the Jewish militias formed to both fight the Arabs and resist the British rule.
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Then came the Holocaust throughout Nazi Germany, which claimed almost 6 million Jewish lives.
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After the war, more and more Jews then fled from Europe to Palestine to seek a homeland, escalating the tension with the Arabs.
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Overwhelmed by this situation, Britain began to withdraw from the region.
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The birth of the Israel state.
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After World War II, the UN proposed a plan to partition Palestine into two independent states: a Jewish state
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and an Arab state, with the city of Jerusalem becoming an international zone with a special status.
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However, the plan according to which the Jewish, accounting for only one third of the population,
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was granted more territory was rejected by the Arabs.
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They began to form volunteer armies throughout Palestine.
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Less than one year after that, as Britain completed its withdrawal from Palestine, Israel declared itself an independent state,
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marking a new bloodier chapter in the struggle between the Jews and the Palestinian Arabs.
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The 1948 Arab -Israeli War Right after the announcement of an independent Israel,
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a war between the Arabs and the Jews broke out, which was known as the 1948 Arab -Israeli War.
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The war involved five recently independent Arab nations, Egypt, Jordan, Iraq, Syria, and Lebanon the Arab League,
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who invaded the region in an attempt to establish a unified Arab Palestine.
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However, a ceasefire agreement was reached a year later in which more than two -thirds of historic Palestine, including the West Jerusalem, belonged to Israel,
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while Jordan occupied East Jerusalem and the area known as the West Bank, and Egypt occupied the Gaza Strip.
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As a result, more than 750 ,000 Palestinians were expelled from the land where they lived for centuries on the day
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that they call Al -Nakbah, or the Catastrophe.
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With the deteriorated dispute between the Jews and the Arabs, there came more wars and fighting in the following decades.
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The 60 Day War.
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It was in 1967 when the 60 -day war broke out,
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after a volatile period of diplomatic friction and skirmishes between Israel and its neighboring Arab states: Jordan, Syria, and Egypt.
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This brief war ended with the victory of Israel, giving Israel control over the Golan Heights from Syria, the West Bank and East Jerusalem from Jordan,
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and Gaza and the Sinai Peninsula from Egypt.
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Sinai was later returned to Egypt under the Egypt -Israel peace treaty.
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After the war, most Palestinian refugees and their descendants were not allowed to return to their homes, but had to live in Gaza,
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the West Bank, and neighboring Jordan, Syria, and Lebanon.
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you The First Intifada and the Oslo Accords.
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The rising number of Israelis settling in the Palestinian territories in the West Bank and Gaza gave rise to the PLO,
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the Palestinian Liberation Organization, first founded in Cairo, Egypt in 1964 to create a liberated Palestine in Israel.
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The PLO launched attacks on Israel from its base in Jordan.
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It was then forced to move from Jordan to Lebanon, starting to carry out acts of terrorism against Israel.
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Fighting went on for years, including the Israeli invasion of Lebanon to kick the PLO out of Beirut.
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The PLO eventually agreed to divide the land between Palestine and Israel,
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but there were still more and more Jewish settlers moved into the Israel -occupied Palestinian territories.
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killing four of them.
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This was known as the First Intifada.
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This bloody conflict resulting in hundreds of deaths triggered a peace
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process with the signing of the Oslo Accords by Israel and the PLO, the Oslo I Accord signed in Washington DC,
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and the Oslo II Accord in Taba, Egypt.
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According to the Oslo Accords, the West Bank was divided into three areas.
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Area A was exclusively controlled by the Palestinians, Area B was controlled by both the Palestinians and Israel.
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Area C was fully controlled by Israel.
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The Second Intifada.
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Though further peace talks continued in 2000, the Israelis and Palestinians could not reach agreements on issues like the status of Jerusalem,
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rights of refugees, and the increased Jewish settlement in Palestinian lands.
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Ariel Sharon, a Jewish Israeli who would later become Israel's prime minister, visited the Temple Mount, home to the Al -Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem.
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The action was deemed offensive by many Palestinians, and the Second Intifada broke out.
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The violence ended with Israel's withdrawal from Gaza, but continued to settle in the West Bank.
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Israel conflict with Hamas.
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Hamas is a Sunni Islamist militant group, aiming to destroy the state of Israel and create an Islamic State.
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After the armed conflict between Hamas and Fatah, who managed the PLO, Hamas split from the Palestinian Authority and gained power in the Gaza.
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Israel put Gaza under a suffocating blockade, leading to several bloody wars between the two groups in the Gaza Strip,
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including Operation Cast Lead, Operation Pillar of Defense,
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and In 2014, Hamas and Fatah reached agreement to form a national unity government.
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In 2018, the US embassy was relocated from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem,
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which was deemed by the Palestinians as a signal of American support for Jerusalem as Israel's capital.
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2021. The conflict between Israel and Palestine was reassumed by a series of hostile events in East Jerusalem,
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leading to several acts of violence until a ceasefire deal brokered by Egypt,
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Qatar and the United Nations came into effect on May 21st. Peaceful though it may seem now,
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the complex and long -lasting territorial dispute between two states is a ticking time bomb that can explode any time.
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Thanks for watching.
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If you find this information useful, please give us a thumbs up and share it with your friends.
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Esta lección de conversación de nivel B2 se basa en el vídeo “History of Israel-Palestine Conflict”. Las palabras que más se repiten: Israel, Palestine, Arab, Jewish, Palestinian. Este vídeo tiene 102 frases y 1564 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 10:48. El hablante mantiene un ritmo constante de unas 145 palabras por minuto, cómodo para el shadowing. Solo el 76 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés, por lo que el vocabulario es exigente.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
Las 15 palabras más avanzadas del vídeo, con su pronunciación y significado:
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| conquest sustantivo | /ˈkɑnkwɛst/ | conquista |
| occupy verbo | /ˈɑkjəpaɪ/ | ocupar |
| homeland sustantivo | /ˈhoʊmˌlænd/ | patria, terruño |
| ceasefire sustantivo | alto el fuego, cese el fuego | |
| deem verbo | /dim/ | considerar, concluir |
| deteriorate verbo | /dɪˈtɪɹ.iə.ɹeɪt/ | deteriorar |
| monarchy sustantivo | /ˈmɑnɚki/ | monarquía |
| explode verbo | /ɪkˈsploʊd/ | explosionar, explotar |
| neighboring adjetivo | /ˈneɪbəɹɪŋ/ | vecino, convecino |
| withdrawal sustantivo | /wɪðˈdɹɔ(ə)l/ | retirada |
| divide verbo | /dɪˈvaɪd/ | desunir, dividir |
| descendant sustantivo | /dɪˈsɛndənt/ | descendiente |
| escalate verbo | /ˈɛs.kə.leɪt/ | elevar a un nivel superior |
| liberate verbo | /ˈlɪbəˌɹeɪt/ | liberar, librar |
| monotheistic adjetivo | /ˌmɑnəθiˈɪstɪk/ | monoteísta |
Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| break out verbo | escapar forzadamente, fugarse | |
| carry out verbo | /ˈkæ.ɹi aʊt/ | llevar a cabo, llevar al cabo |
| look back verbo | recordar, volver la cabeza |
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
- Los sonidos de “th”: withdrawal /wɪðˈdɹɔ(ə)l/, monotheistic /ˌmɑnəθiˈɪstɪk/, thumb /ˈθʌm/, withdraw /wɪðˈdɹɔ/
- Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: skirmish /ˈskɝmɪʃ/, partition /pɑɹˈtɪ.ʃən/, friction /ˈfɹɪkʃən/, persecution /ˌpɝsəˈkjuʃən/, militia /məˈlɪʃə/
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: deteriorate /dɪˈtɪɹ.iə.ɹeɪt/, monotheistic /ˌmɑnəθiˈɪstɪk/, approximate /əˈpɹɑk.sə.mət/, persecution /ˌpɝsəˈkjuʃən/, territorial /ˌtɛɹ.əˈtɔɹ.i.əl/
Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:
- /v/ — no es /b/: los dientes tocan el labio inferior: divide /dɪˈvaɪd/, overwhelm /ˌoʊ.vɚˈwɛlm/, invade /ɪnˈveɪd/, volatile /ˈvɑ.lə.təl/
- /dʒ/ — no es la “y” ni la “ch”: pilgrimage /ˈpɪlɡɹɪmɪd͡ʒ/, endure /ɪnˈd͡ʒʊə(ɹ)/
- /h/ — una aspiración suave, no la “j”: homeland /ˈhoʊmˌlænd/, hail /heɪl/, hostile /ˈhɑstəl/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Haz shadowing frase por frase a velocidad normal, repitiendo cada una hasta que tu ritmo coincida con el del hablante.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como conquest, occupy, homeland.
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.