Pratique du Shadowing: Formation Of A Tropical Cyclone - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
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51 phrases
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There are three basic stages in the life of a tropical cyclone,
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its origin or source, the mature stage and the dissipation stage,
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where it dies out.
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These occur in a continuous process,
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not as separate and distinct stages.
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Each stage may occur more than once during the life cycle,
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as the strength of the cyclone rises and falls.
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it may reach land, weaken,
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then go back out to sea where it strengthens once more.
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The formation of a cyclone depends upon the following conditions coinciding.
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A large, still and warm ocean area with a surface temperature that exceeds 26.5 degrees Celsius over an extended period.
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This allows a body of warm air to develop above the ocean's surface surface.
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Low altitude winds are also needed to form a tropical cyclone.
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As air warms over the ocean,
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it expands, becomes lighter and rises.
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Other local winds blow in to replace the air that has risen,
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then this air is also warmed and rises.
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The rising air contains huge amounts of moisture evaporated from the ocean's surface.
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As it rises, it cools,
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condensing to form huge clouds about 10km up in the troposphere.
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More warm air rushes in and rises,
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drawn by the draft above.
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The rising drafts of air carry moisture high into the atmosphere so that these clouds eventually become very thick and heavy.
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Condensation then releases the latent heat energy stored in the water vapor,
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providing the cyclone with more power.
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This creates a self-sustaining heat cycle.
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Drawn further upwards by the new release of energy,
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the clouds can grow to 12 to 15 kilometers high.
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The force created by the Earth's rotation on a tilted axis,
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the Coriolis effect, causes rising currents of air to spiral around the centre of the tropical cyclone.
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It is at this stage that the cyclone matures and the eye of the storm is created.
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As the air rises and cools,
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some of this dense air descends to form the clear,
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still eye as the cyclone rages around it.
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The eye wall, where the wind is strongest,
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behaves like a whirling cylinder.
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Cyclones rotate clockwise in the southern hemisphere, anti-clockwise in the northern.
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The lowest air pressure in a tropical cyclone is always found at the centre,
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and is typically 950 millibars or less.
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The average air pressure at the Earth's surface is about 1,010 millibars.
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Tropical cyclones have significantly lower air pressure than the air that surrounds them.
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The bigger the pressure difference,
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the stronger the wind force.
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One of the lowest air pressures ever recorded was 877 millibars for Typhoon Ida,
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which hit the Philippines in 1958,
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where winds reached 300 kilometres an hour.
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Once formed, the cyclone's movement or track follows a pathway away from its source,
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driven by global wind circulation.
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As warm ocean waters feed it heat and moisture,
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the cyclone continues to enlarge.
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Thank you.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau C2 s’appuie sur la vidéo « Formation Of A Tropical Cyclone ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : cyclone, rises, wind, stage, tropical. Cette vidéo contient 51 phrases et 473 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 3:41. Le locuteur parle à un rythme régulier d’environ 128 mots par minute, confortable pour le shadowing. Seuls 75 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
Les 15 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| cyclone nom | /ˈsaɪ.kloʊn/ | cyclone |
| millibar nom | millibar | |
| moisture nom | /ˈmɔɪs.t͡ʃɚ/ | humidité |
| clockwise adverbe | /ˈklɒkwaɪz/ | dans le sens des aiguilles d’une montre, dans le sens horaire |
| coincide verbe | /ˌkoʊɪnˈsaɪd/ | coïncider |
| condensation nom | /ˌkɒn.dɛnˈseɪ.ʃən/ | condensation |
| condense verbe | /kənˈdɛns/ | condenser |
| dissipation nom | /ˌdɪsɪˈpeɪʃən/ | dissipation |
| enlarge verbe | /ɪnˈlɑɹd͡ʒ/ | agrandir, élargir |
| evaporate verbe | /ɪˈvæp.ə.ɹeɪt/ | évaporer, s'évaporer |
| kilometre nom | /kɪˈlɑmɪtəɹ/ | kilomètre |
| latent adjectif | /ˈleɪ.tənt/ | latent |
| troposphere nom | /ˈtɹoʊpəsfɪɚ/ | troposphère |
| weaken verbe | /ˈwikən/ | affaiblir |
| descend verbe | /dəˈsɛnd/ | descendre |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Sens |
|---|---|
| die out verbe | s'éteindre |
Prononciation à surveiller
- Les sons « th »: pathway /ˈpæθˌweɪ/, strengthen /ˈstɹɛŋ(k)θən/
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: condensation /ˌkɒn.dɛnˈseɪ.ʃən/, dissipation /ˌdɪsɪˈpeɪʃən/, circulation /ˌsɝkjʊˈleɪʃən/, rotation /ɹoʊˈteɪʃən/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: condensation /ˌkɒn.dɛnˈseɪ.ʃən/, dissipation /ˌdɪsɪˈpeɪʃən/, evaporate /ɪˈvæp.ə.ɹeɪt/, kilometre /kɪˈlɑmɪtəɹ/, circulation /ˌsɝkjʊˈleɪʃən/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /h/ — il se souffle, il n’est pas muet: hemisphere /ˈhɛmɪsfɪə/, behave /bɪˈheɪv/
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: moisture /ˈmɔɪs.t͡ʃɚ/, enlarge /ɪnˈlɑɹd͡ʒ/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: enlarge /ɪnˈlɑɹd͡ʒ/, evaporate /ɪˈvæp.ə.ɹeɪt/, kilometre /kɪˈlɑmɪtəɹ/, troposphere /ˈtɹoʊpəsfɪɚ/, rotate /ˈɹoʊ.teɪt/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Répétez phrase par phrase à vitesse normale, en reprenant chacune jusqu’à ce que votre rythme corresponde à celui du locuteur.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme cyclone, millibar, moisture.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.