Pratique du Shadowing: How does a Steam Turbine Work? - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
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Nuclear and coal -based thermal power plants together produce almost half of the world's power.
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Steam turbines lie at the heart of these power plants.
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They convert thermal energy in the steam to mechanical energy.
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This video will explain the inner workings of the steam turbines
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and why they are constructed in the manner they are in a step -by -step, logical manner.
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To understand its basic workings, let's first observe one of their blades.
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You can see that the blade of a steam turbine has an airfoil shape.
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When the high energy fluid passes over it, this airfoil shape will create a pressure difference.
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This will subsequently create lift force.
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The lift force will rotate the turbine.
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In short, the energy in the fluid transfers to the mechanical energy of the rotor.
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To further understand steam turbine operation, let's understand fluid energy in greater depth.
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A fluid has three forms of energy, due to its speed, pressure, and temperature.
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As the blades absorb energy from the fluid, all three forms of energy come down.
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The low -velocity jet is of no use to produce effective lift force.
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To increase velocity, the fluid is passed through a stator section.
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The stator set is stationary and attached to the turbine casing.
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You can see that flow area decreases along the stator and the speed thus increases.
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In short, the stator acts like a nozzle.
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As the speed of the jet increases in the stator, kinetic energy increases.
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As there is no net energy transfer in the fluid in stator section,
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the pressure and temperature of the jet should decrease to keep the total energy constant.
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Now, the next row of rotors is added.
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The stator also makes sure
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that the flow coming out of it will be at an optimum angle of attack to the next rotor set.
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After that, another nozzle set is added.
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Many such sets are used in a steam turbine.
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There is an important term while designing steam turbines, namely degree of reaction.
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This term is calculated by dividing pressure and temperature energy by the total energy change in the rotor.
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Pressure and temperature energy together is called enthalpy.
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The degree of reaction decides what type of steam turbine it is.
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As the pressure of the steam undergoes a drastic reduction during steam turbine operation, its volume increases proportionally.
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To accommodate such an expanded steam, we have to increase the flow area.
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Otherwise, the flow speed will become too high.
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This is the reason why the steam turbine blades are too long towards the outlet.
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You can see how long the last stage turbine blades are compared to the first stage blades.
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The tips of such long blades will have very high velocity compared to the root.
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A twist is given to it so that all blade cross sections will remain at an optimum angle of attack.
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This kind of large turbine uses two such symmetrical units.
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You can see how the steam is equally divided between these units.
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High -capacity power plants use different stages of steam turbines, such as high -pressure turbine,
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intermediate -pressure turbine, and low -pressure turbines.
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All these units are attached to a single rotating shaft.
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The shaft in turn is connected to a generator.
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The reason for such different stages is quite interesting.
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With greater steam temperature comes greater power plant efficiency.
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This is according to the second law of thermodynamics.
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But we cannot have temperature greater than 600 degrees Celsius, since the turbine blade material will not withstand temperature more than that.
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Temperature of the steam decreases as it flows along the rows of the blade.
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Consequently, a great way to increase power plant efficiency is to add more heat after the first stage.
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So after the first stage, the steam is bypassed to the boiler and more heat is added.
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This is known as reheating.
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This will increase the steam temperature again, leading to higher power plant efficiency and output.
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One challenging problem in power plant operation is to keep the speed of the steam turbine constant.
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This is important since frequency of the electricity produced is directly proportional to the generator speed.
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However, depending on the load or power demand, the steam turbine speed will vary.
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To keep the steam turbine speed constant, a steam flow governing mechanism is used.
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If the steam turbine rotates at a higher speed,
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the control valve will automatically reduce the steam flow rate to the turbine until the speed becomes normal.
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If the turbine rotates at a low speed, the inverse will be done.
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In this way, the balance of power demand and power supply will be perfectly synchronized.
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To learn more about degree of reaction and its implications, please check the next video.
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Please help us at patreon .com so
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that we can add one more member to the team and we will be able to release two educational videos per month.
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Thank you!
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale s’appuie sur la vidéo « How does a Steam Turbine Work? ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : turbine, steam, energy, speed, blade. Cette vidéo contient 65 phrases et 822 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 5:42. Le locuteur parle à un rythme régulier d’environ 144 mots par minute, confortable pour le shadowing. Seuls 80 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
15 mots de la vidéo à retenir, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| turbine nom | /ˈtɜː.baɪn/ | turbine |
| blade nom | /bleɪd/ | lame |
| fluid nom | /ˈflu.ɪd/ | fluide, liquide |
| rotate verbe | /ˈɹoʊ.teɪt/ | tourner, rotationner |
| efficiency nom | /ɪˈfɪʃ.ən.si/ | rendement |
| decrease verbe | /dɪˈkɹiːs/ | diminuer |
| velocity nom | /vəˈlɑsəti/ | vecteur vitesse, vélocité |
| compare verbe | /kəmˈpɛɚ/ | comparer |
| angle nom | /ˈæŋ.ɡəl/ | angle |
| mechanical adjectif | /məˈkænəkəl/ | mécanique |
| divide verbe | /dɪˈvaɪd/ | diviser, fendre |
| thermal adjectif | /ˈθɜːməl/ | thermique |
| generator nom | /ˈdʒɛnəɹeɪtə(ɹ)/ | générateur, générateur électrique |
| shaft nom | /ˈʃɑːft/ | hampe |
| attach verbe | /əˈtæt͡ʃ/ | attacher |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Sens |
|---|---|
| come down verbe | descendre, tomber |
| pass through verbe | traverser |
Prononciation à surveiller
- Les sons « th »: thermal /ˈθɜːməl/, withstand /wɪðˈstænd/, enthalpy /ˈɛn.θəl.piː/, thermodynamics /ˌθɜː(ɹ)moʊdaɪˈnæmɪks/
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: efficiency /ɪˈfɪʃ.ən.si/, shaft /ˈʃɑːft/, reduction /ɹɪˈdʌk.ʃən/, stationary /ˈsteɪʃəˌnɛɹi/, implication /ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: efficiency /ɪˈfɪʃ.ən.si/, velocity /vəˈlɑsəti/, mechanical /məˈkænəkəl/, generator /ˈdʒɛnəɹeɪtə(ɹ)/, electricity /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɪsɪti/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: generator /ˈdʒɛnəɹeɪtə(ɹ)/, attach /əˈtæt͡ʃ/, logical /ˈlɑd͡ʒɪkəl/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: rotate /ˈɹoʊ.teɪt/, decrease /dɪˈkɹiːs/, generator /ˈdʒɛnəɹeɪtə(ɹ)/, electricity /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɪsɪti/, reduction /ɹɪˈdʌk.ʃən/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Répétez phrase par phrase à vitesse normale, en reprenant chacune jusqu’à ce que votre rythme corresponde à celui du locuteur.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme turbine, blade, fluid.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.