Pratique du Shadowing: Where did English come from? - Claire Bowern - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec YouTube

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When we talk about English, we often think of it as a single language but what do the dialects spoken in dozens of countries around the world have in common with each other, or with the writings of Chaucer?
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When we talk about English, we often think of it as a single language but what do the dialects spoken in dozens of countries around the world have in common with each other, or with the writings of Chaucer?
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And how are any of them related to the strange words in Beowulf?
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The answer is that like most languages, English has evolved through generations of speakers, undergoing major changes over time.
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By undoing these changes, we can trace the language from the present day back to its ancient roots.
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While modern English shares many similar words with Latin-derived romance languages, like French and Spanish, most of those words were not originally part of it.
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Instead, they started coming into the language with the Norman invasion of England in 1066.
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When the French-speaking Normans conquered England and became its ruling class, they brought their speech with them, adding a massive amount of French and Latin vocabulary to the English language previously spoken there.
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Today, we call that language Old English.
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This is the language of Beowulf.
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It probably doesn't look very familiar, but it might be more recognizable if you know some German.
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That's because Old English belongs to the Germanic language family, first brought to the British Isles in the 5th and 6th centuries by the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes.
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The Germanic dialects they spoke would become known as Anglo-Saxon.
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Viking invaders in the 8th to 11th centuries added more borrowings from Old Norse into the mix.
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It may be hard to see the roots of modern English underneath all the words borrowed from French, Latin, Old Norse and other languages.
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But comparative linguistics can help us by focusing on grammatical structure, patterns of sound changes, and certain core vocabulary.
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For example, after the 6th century, German words starting with "p," systematically shifted to a "pf" sound while their Old English counterparts kept the "p" unchanged.
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In another split, words that have "sk" sounds in Swedish developed an "sh" sound in English.
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There are still some English words with "sk," like "skirt," and "skull," but they're direct borrowings from Old Norse that came after the "sk" to "sh" shift.
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These examples show us that just as the various Romance languages descended from Latin, English, Swedish, German, and many other languages descended from their own common ancestor known as Proto-Germanic spoken around 500 B.C.E.
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Because this historical language was never written down, we can only reconstruct it by comparing its descendants, which is possible thanks to the consistency of the changes.
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We can even use the same process to go back one step further, and trace the origins of Proto-Germanic to a language called Proto-Indo-European, spoken about 6000 years ago on the Pontic steppe in modern day Ukraine and Russia.
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This is the reconstructed ancestor of the Indo-European family that includes nearly all languages historically spoken in Europe, as well as large parts of Southern and Western Asia.
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And though it requires a bit more work, we can find the same systematic similarities, or correspondences, between related words in different Indo-European branches.
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Comparing English with Latin, we see that English has "t" where Latin has "d", and "f" where latin has "p" at the start of words.
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Some of English's more distant relatives include Hindi, Persian and the Celtic languages it displaced in what is now Britain.
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Proto-Indo-European itself descended from an even more ancient language, but unfortunately, this is as far back as historical and archeological evidence will allow us to go.
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Many mysteries remain just out of reach, such as whether there might be a link between Indo-European and other major language families, and the nature of the languages spoken in Europe prior to its arrival.
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But the amazing fact remains that nearly 3 billion people around the world, many of whom cannot understand each other, are nevertheless speaking the same words shaped by 6000 years of history.
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Context & Background

In the informative video titled "Where did English come from?" presented by Claire Bowern, the evolution of the English language is explored in depth. Bowern discusses how English is not merely a single language; rather, it encompasses a variety of dialects spoken across the globe, all stemming from a rich historical legacy. The journey of English can be traced back to its roots in Old English, influenced by several invasions, including the Norman Conquest. Understanding the origins and changes that have shaped the language can greatly enhance your ability to communicate effectively in English. This is particularly beneficial for those looking to learn English with YouTube as it can markedly improve pronunciation and understanding through the shadowing technique.

Top 5 Phrases for Daily Communication

  • "Where did English come from?" - A great conversation starter about language origins.
  • "It has evolved through generations of speakers." - Necessary when discussing language development.
  • "Viking invaders added more borrowings from Old Norse." - Useful in historical contexts.
  • "Germanic language family." - Important when talking about language classification.
  • "Nearly 3 billion people are speaking the same words." - A perspective on language universality.

Step-by-step Shadowing Guide

For learners keen on enhancing their spoken English, utilizing the video alongside a shadowing app can be incredibly effective. Here’s a step-by-step guide to implementing the shadow speech method:

  1. Watch the video without subtitles: Get a sense of the content and the speaker’s intonation.
  2. Listen closely to specific phrases: Focus on the top phrases provided and understand their context.
  3. Pause and repeat: Use the shadowing technique by pausing the video and repeating phrases immediately after the speaker. This will help you practice pronunciation and rhythm.
  4. Record your voice: Play back your recordings and compare them with the original speech to identify areas for improvement.
  5. Focus on grammar and vocabulary: Pay attention to the grammatical structures and vocabulary used within the phrases, since they showcase real-life applications.

By following this guide, you can effectively learn English with YouTube and engage with the depths of the English language, enhancing both your comprehension and speaking skills through the art of shadowing!

Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?

Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.

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