Pratique du Shadowing: Why Don't Blue Whales Eat Fish? - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo

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The most massive land animals in the world all eat little stuff, grass and leaves.
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And almost all of the most massive aquatic animals also eat something itty-bitty,
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tiny crustaceans called krill.
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Why do such big things eat such small things?
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Hi, I'm David, and this is MinuteEarth.
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The most ginormous animals all need to eat a huge amount of calories to fuel their massive bodies.
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But there aren't enough big,
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super calorie-dense meals around for them to eat.
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And even if there were,
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the giant's massive bodies aren't mobile or agile enough to actually capture that food.
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Instead, these mega-creatures meet their mega-calorie quota with something that's super-abundant
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and requires almost no effort to procure — little pieces of grass and leaves.
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And for our purposes, we're going to consider leaves to be little,
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even if they do come off of bigger things.
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And sure, leaves and grass aren't very calorie-dense compared to things other animals eat,
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but the giant's giant digestive tracts can hold a lot of them at once — we're talking hundreds of kilograms.
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Plus, the bigger an animal is,
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the longer the food stays in its digestive system,
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and the more microbes there are in there to break it down.
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All of that means that the giants are able to wring a lot of calories from grass and leaves,
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enough to meet their huge calorie demands.
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The abundance and ease of finding leaves and grass,
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and the specialized digestive systems to deal with large quantities of them,
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are why, at least on land,
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you see the same pattern in every biome.
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The very biggest animals are herbivores.
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Even back in the day when dinosaurs roamed the earth,
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the biggest animals weren't predators like T-Rexes,
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they were lumbering, leap-eating vegetarians.
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But what about the ocean?
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Like their counterparts on land,
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sea giants like blue whales are relatively unagile and have giant guts,
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so it makes sense that they'd eat the ocean equivalent of grass,
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huge blooms of tiny plant-like microorganisms called bitoplankton.
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But these ocean behemoths need so many calories every day that phytoplants,
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even lots and lots and lots of them,
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just aren't calorie dense enough to meet the demand.
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Luckily, those big phytoplankton blooms attract something else,
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billions of calorie packed krill that come together to graze in huge,
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slow moving, easy to find swarms.
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A blue whale that lunges back
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and forth through a swarm can easily take in more than enough calories to power its huge body.
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The equivalent on land would be if there were huge,
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slow moving swarms of grasshoppers that elephants could munch on instead of the grass itself.
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In that case, the pachyderms could pack in even more calories and likely get even bigger.
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Either way though, the same truth holds.
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For the biggest animals on earth,
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it turns out, food things come in small packages.

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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon

Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau C1 s’appuie sur la vidéo « Why Don't Blue Whales Eat Fish? ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : calorie, animal, grass, eat, leaves. Cette vidéo contient 48 phrases et 485 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 2:18. Le locuteur parle vite, environ 211 mots par minute : attendez-vous à des liaisons et à des sons réduits. Seuls 79 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.

Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo

Les 15 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :

MotPrononciationSens
calorie nom/ˈkæləɹi/calorie
swarm nom/swɔɹm/essaim, grouillement
dense adjectif/ˈdɛns/dense
bloom nom/blum/floraison, en fleurs
whale nom/ˈweɪl/baleine
behemoth nom/bəˈhi(ː).məθ/Béhémoth
crustacean nom/kɹʌsˈteɪʃən/crustacé
ginormous adjectif/dʒaɪˈnɔɹməs/gigantesque, méga
grasshopper nom/ˈɡɹæsˌhɑpəɹ/criquet
herbivore nom/ˈ(h)ɜːɹbɪvɔːɹ/herbivore
kilogram nom/ˈkɪləɡɹæm/kilogramme, kilo
microbe nom/ˈmaɪkɹoʊb/microbe
microorganism nom/ˌmaɪ.kɹoʊˈɔɹ.ɡəˌnɪz.m̩/microorganisme
pachyderm nom/ˈpæk.ɪˌdɜː(ɹ)m/pachyderme
phytoplankton nom/ˌfaɪ.təˈplæŋk.tən/phytoplancton

Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez

MotSens
turn out verbese finir, se terminer

Prononciation à surveiller

Le locuteur utilise 9 contractions et formes réduites, comme aren't, we're, I'm. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.

  • Les sons « sh » et « zh »: crustacean /kɹʌsˈteɪʃən/, specialize /ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪz/
  • Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: microorganism /ˌmaɪ.kɹoʊˈɔɹ.ɡəˌnɪz.m̩/, phytoplankton /ˌfaɪ.təˈplæŋk.tən/, vegetarian /vɛ.d͡ʒɪˈtɛ.ɹi.ən/

Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :

  • /h/ — il se souffle, il n’est pas muet: behemoth /bəˈhi(ː).məθ/, grasshopper /ˈɡɹæsˌhɑpəɹ/, herbivore /ˈ(h)ɜːɹbɪvɔːɹ/
  • /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: digestive /daɪˈdʒɛstɪv/, ginormous /dʒaɪˈnɔɹməs/, vegetarian /vɛ.d͡ʒɪˈtɛ.ɹi.ən/
  • /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: calorie /ˈkæləɹi/, swarm /swɔɹm/, krill /kɹɪl/, crustacean /kɹʌsˈteɪʃən/, ginormous /dʒaɪˈnɔɹməs/

Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo

  1. Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
  2. Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
  3. Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme calorie, swarm, dense.

Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?

Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.

Technique du shadowing : lire le guide complet étape par étape →