शैडोइंग अभ्यास: What happens if you cut down all of a city's trees? - Stefan Al - YouTube के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें

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This is the tale of two ancient cities and the trees that determined their destinies.
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This is the tale of two ancient cities and the trees that determined their destinies.
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In 3,000 BC Uruk was more densely populated than modern day New York City.
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This crowded capital had to continually expand their irrigation system to feed its growing population.
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2,500 years later in Sri Lanka, the city of Anuradhapura had a similar problem.
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They were also growing constantly, and like Uruk, their city relied heavily on an elaborate irrigation system.
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As Uruk grew, its farmers began chopping down trees to make space for more crops.
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In Anuradhapura, however, trees were sacred.
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Their city housed an offshoot of the Bodhi tree under which Buddha himself was said to have attained enlightenment.
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Religious reverence slowed farmer’s axes and even led the city to plant additional trees in urban parks.
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Initially, Uruk’s expansion worked well.
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But without trees to filter their water supply, Uruk’s irrigation system became contaminated.
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Evaporating water left mineral deposits, which rendered the soil too salty for agriculture.
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Conversely, Anuradhapura’s irrigation system was designed to work in concert with the surrounding forest.
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Their city eventually grew to more than twice Uruk’s population, and today, Anuradhapura still cares for a tree planted over 2,000 years ago.
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We may think of nature as being unconnected to our urban spaces, but trees have always been an essential part of successful cities.
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Trees act like a natural sponge, absorbing storm water runoff before releasing it back into the atmosphere.
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The webs of their roots protect against mudslides while allowing soil to retain water and filter out toxins.
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Roots help prevent floods, while reducing the need for storm drains and water treatment plants.
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Their porous leaves purify the air by trapping carbon and other pollutants, making them essential in the fight against climate change.
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Humanity has been uncovering these arboreal benefits for centuries.
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But trees aren’t just crucial to the health of a city’s infrastructure; they play a vital role in the health of its citizens as well.
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In the 1870’s, Manhattan had few trees outside the island’s parks.
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Without trees to provide shade, buildings absorbed up to nine times more solar radiation during deadly summer heat waves.
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Combined with the period’s poor sanitation standards, the oppressive heat made the city a breeding ground for bacteria like cholera.
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In modern day Hong Kong, tall skyscrapers and underground infrastructure make it difficult for trees to grow.
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This contributes to the city’s dangerously poor air quality, which can cause bronchitis and diminished lung function.
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Trees affect our mental health as well.
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Research indicates that the presence of green foliage increases attention spans and decreases stress levels.
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It’s even been shown that hospital patients with views of brick walls recover more slowly than those with views of trees.
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Fortunately, many cities are full of views like this— and that’s no accident.
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As early as the 18th century, city planners began to embrace the importance of urban trees.
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In 1733, Colonel James Oglethorpe planned the city of Savannah, Georgia to ensure that no neighborhood was more than a 2-minute walk from a park.
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After World War II, Copenhagen directed all new development along five arteries— each sandwiched between a park.
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This layout increased the city’s resilience to pollution and natural disasters.
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And urban trees don’t just benefit people.
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Portland’s Forest Park preserves the region’s natural biodiversity, making the city home to various local plants, 112 bird species, and 62 species of mammals.
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No city is more committed to trees than Singapore.
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Since 1967, Singapore’s government has planted over 1.2 million trees, including those within 50-meter tall vertical gardens called supertrees.
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These structures sustain themselves and nearby conservatories with solar energy and collected rainwater.
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Trees and vegetation currently cover over 50% of Singapore’s landmass, reducing the need for air conditioning and encouraging low-pollution transportation.
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By 2050, it’s estimated that over 65% of the world will be living in cities.
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City planners can lay an eco-friendly foundation, but it’s up to the people who live in these urban forests to make them homes for more than humans.

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