シャドーイング練習: 13k - YouTubeで英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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In a recent video, I talked about how to read more books,
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In a recent video, I talked about how to read more books,
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but I want to shift the focus a little bit
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because I would argue that there's something even more valuable to you as a reader and perhaps as a person,
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and that is your ability to read well.
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Quantity isn't always quality, and you could read for several hours a day every day,
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but that doesn't necessarily mean that you're going to understand
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or connect with the heart and soul of what an author or a book is really saying.
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I'm reminded of Donna Tartt's novel, The Secret History.
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One of the characters, Julian Morrow,
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he said something like, It's better to know one book intimately than to know a hundred superficially.
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I believe in that, at least in spirit.
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and I believe that becoming a better reader is a worthwhile pursuit.
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So today I want to shift the focus from how you can read more to how you can read better.
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You know people have a lot of different ideas about what it means to be a good reader or a better reader.
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You know for me it has nothing to do with being able to read faster
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and a lot of people will also tell you that to be a good reader
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you have to read the really hard and really challenging books.
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Now, challenging yourself matters, of course,
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and as you grow as a reader,
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you'll naturally gravitate toward, you know,
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more demanding books, but becoming a good reader usually happens by working with material that's just beyond your current level.
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You know, challenging enough to stretch you a little bit,
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but not so difficult that comprehension becomes a problem.
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Reading extremely hard books tends to be what skilled readers can handle you know after they've developed the necessary vocabulary
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or or the the attention or the processing ability you know in
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that sense reading very difficult books is more often the outcome
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of having strong reading skills rather than the primary method for building them
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so
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when you boil it down being a good reader is primarily
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about three different things it's about understanding more it's about remembering more
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and then being able to do these two things flexibly across different kinds of texts.
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Now, another thing that you'll often hear people say is
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that you can build reading comprehension skills just by reading lots of books.
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And there are grains of truth to that.
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The more you read, the more vocabulary you absorb,
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the more familiar you become with how sentences and stories tend to work.
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But there's a limit to how far just simple exposure will take you.
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You know, it helps, sure, but it helps slowly.
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And that kind of undirected practice mostly improves comprehension in a sort of broad or general way.
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But one thing that can really accelerate your progress is deliberate, focused practice.
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We have decades of research showing that when you focus on specific reading skills,
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things like summarizing or noticing how a text is organized or,
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you know, making inferences, your comprehension improves and it improves more quickly.
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And this holds true for adults or more developed readers as well.
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So my first suggestion is not just that you practice,
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but that you practice in a way that'll help you isolate those cognitive processes.
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Now, to help with this for most people,
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I would recommend How to Read a Book by Adler and Van Doren.
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This is a classic.
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For me, it was assigned reading when I was an undergraduate it,
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but honestly, I would recommend it for anyone,
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whether you're a student or a serious reader or even a casual reader.
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If you're interested in improving your reading comprehension,
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then this is a great resource.
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In a way, it kind of reads like a manual for active and intentional reading.
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The main gist of this is that reading isn't just one skill.
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It's really a set of progressively deeper levels of cognitive processing.
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So they structure the whole book around these levels.
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There's four of them all together,
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and each has its own goals and its own techniques.
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And there's a lot here also for both fiction and nonfiction.
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It's a really fantastic resource.
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I can't recommend it enough.
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You know, making notes is probably the most effective thing you can do for remembering what you read.
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However, it's only going to help when you do something new with the information.
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Simply copying over sentences word for word,
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that's not really gonna move the needle.
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You need to transform the text in some way.
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For example, you could write a basic one-page summary for each chapter,
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or maybe for the whole story,
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you know, whenever you're finished.
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A really small and simple thing to do,
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but memory strengthens when you have to reconstruct the story and the characters in your own mind.
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Other things you could do is maybe restate an idea from the book in your own words,
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or you could jot down a quick reaction,
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or you could pose questions about what you're reading, you know, make inferences.
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You know, those moments of mental effort are what's going to make the story stick.
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And the same is true for underlining and highlighting.
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I mean, don't get me wrong.
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I underline too.
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There's nothing wrong with that.
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But on its own, that kind of passive marking has a surprisingly small effect on long-term memory.
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So if you do mark or highlight something on a page,
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follow it up with a brief note in the margin
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or even some kind of simple that you've designated in advance to kind of note something that's meaningful,
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an asterisk or a question mark,
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anything that leaves a breadcrumb trail for your mind to return to later.
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But keep it simple.
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You want to still enjoy reading without making it feel like homework.
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You just want a visible record of your thinking.
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Now, another thing that you can do that has really nothing to do with note-taking,
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but another thing
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that you can do is spread your reading out across several
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different sessions instead of trying to cram it all into a single long session.
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When you do this, you're taking advantage of what psychologists call the spacing effect.
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It sounds a little counterintuitive,
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but actually a little forgetting between sessions is actually good for memory because each time you return to the book,
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your brain has to reconstruct the ideas.
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It has to reconstruct the characters and kind of rebuild the world.
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and that act of rebuilding is what makes the memory stick.
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So if you're like me and you actually enjoy reading during these really long and uninterrupted sessions,
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try to take a break once in a while.
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Get some air, make some coffee, make some tea.
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Just spend a few moments reflecting on what you've read.
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Even brief spaced out sessions create stronger,
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more durable understanding than one giant push.
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You know, different types of books make different demands on your attention.
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You don't read a poem the same way that you read a mystery novel,
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and you wouldn't read philosophy the same way you would, say, a memoir.
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And even within fiction, you know,
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a plot-driven thriller asks for something very different than,
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say, you know, Toni Morrison or Virginia Woolf.
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One of the easiest ways to start practicing this is simply to notice what kind of text you're reading
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and then let that shape your approach.
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For example, with plot-heavy fiction,
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you might focus on maybe tracking events or character motivations.
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You know, what do people want?
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What do they fear?
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What do they choose?
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With literary fiction, your attention might shift toward language or theme or symbolism.
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And then with nonfiction, you might look for structure,
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how arguments are built, how evidence is organized,
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or what problem is the author trying to solve?
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I mentioned how to read a book earlier.
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Not only is this a great resource for the kind of focused practice I mentioned already,
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but it's also an excellent guide for helping you understand these different types of books.
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For example, how to read practical books,
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how to read imaginative literature,
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reading stories, plays, and poems,
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how to read history, how to read science and mathematics,
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how to read philosophy, how to read social science.
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This is a wonderful guide for how to navigate all of those different kinds of books.
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I can't recommend it enough.
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And it's great because it does get easier.
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You know, over time, your brain begins to recognize these patterns automatically.
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You know, when you encounter a dense passage, you'll naturally slow down.
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Or when you hit a familiar genre,
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you'll pick up cues more quickly.
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When the writing gets abstract or philosophical,
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you'll instinctively switch to a more critical or reflective mode.
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Ultimately, being a flexible reader is about awareness.
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Awareness of the text, awareness of your thinking,
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an awareness of when to lean in and when to slow down.
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And that's when reading becomes not only easier,
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but richer and deeper and far more rewarding.
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このレッスンについて
このレッスンでは、英語のリーディングスキルを向上させる方法について学びます。良い読者になるためには、単にページをめくるだけではなく、内容を深く理解し、記憶することが重要です。読みながら、文脈に基づいて推測をする力や、文章の構造を把握する能力を養うことが、あなたのスピーキングスキルの向上にもつながります。特に、shadowing siteに取り組むことで、発音を改善し、英語のリズムに慣れることができます。
重要な語彙とフレーズ
- 理解する - 理解力を高めることが、優れた読者になる鍵です。
- 記憶する - 読んだ内容を保持することも大切です。
- 挑戦する - 現在のレベルを少し超えた教材に取り組むことが効果的です。
- テキストの組織 - 文章がどのように構成されているかに注目しましょう。
- 要約する - 重要な情報を摘出し要約する力を養うことが、リーディングにおいて有効です。
- 推論する - 文章から隠れた意味を推測する力を鍛えましょう。
- 柔軟性 - 様々なテキストでこのスキルを適用できるようにします。
- 英語の発音を良くする - 正確な発音は、効果的にコミュニケーションを取るために不可欠です。
練習のコツ
このビデオのスピードやトーンに合わせて練習する際は、shadow speechの技術を活用することをお勧めします。ビデオを見て、話している内容を一緒に声に出して繰り返すことで、リスニングとスピーキングの両方のスキルを同時に向上させることができます。このプロセスでは、初めはゆっくりとしたペースで進めると良いでしょう。その後、自然に速さを上げていき、自分の発音が改善されているのを確認してください。
さらに、IELTS スピーキング対策に役立つセクションを設け、面接の際の自信を高めることができます。リーディングとスピーキングの練習を組み合わせることで、実際の試験に対する備えが整うでしょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。