シャドーイング練習: Critical Thinking | 6 Key Words + 12 Business English Phrases | Real Podcast [BEL200] - YouTubeで英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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Welcome to Business English Podcast.
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Welcome to Business English Podcast.
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I'm Tom.
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And I'm Mary.
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Today we're talking about critical thinking at work.
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Critical thinking helps you ask better questions,
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check your reasoning, and explain decisions clearly.
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It is especially useful when the answer is not obvious,
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the data is incomplete, or the team is moving too fast fast.
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We'll learn six short vocabulary items and 12 practical business phrases you can use right away.
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Let's build language for careful thinking,
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respectful pushback, and stronger business judgment.
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Let's preview today's vocabulary first.
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These are short words, but they appear in serious business decisions all the time.
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First, assumption.
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An assumption is an idea people accept as true without fully checking it.
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For example, that plan depends on a big assumption.
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Second, evidence.
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Evidence means facts or information that support a decision.
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A great question is, what evidence do we have?
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Third, context.
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Context is the wider situation around the issue.
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A number can look good or bad depending on the context.
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Fourth, bias.
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Bias is a thinking habit or preference that can make judgment less fair or less accurate.
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Fifth, trade-off.
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A trade-off is a balance between two things,
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like speed and quality, or cost and flexibility.
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And sixth, criteria.
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Criteria are the standards you use to compare options or make a decision.
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Now listen for those words inside practical phrases that people can actually say in meetings.
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In Scene 1, John is a strategy director and Sarah is a market analyst.
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They're in a formal review meeting about a possible expansion.
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The opportunity looks strong, but they need to think carefully before recommending it.
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Let's listen in.
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Sarah, thank you for the market review.
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Could you summarize the recommendation for us?
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Of course.
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The evidence suggests that mid-sized healthcare companies could be a strong segment for our platform.
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That is promising.
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But before we move forward,
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I would like us to question the default.
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Agreed.
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The main assumption is that survey interest will turn into actual purchasing behavior.
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Exactly.
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Let's compare the signals from the survey,
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pilot usage, and sales conversations.
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The evidence is mixed.
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Pilot users were positive, but several prospects raised concerns about implementation time.
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Then we should step back first.
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The context is not only market demand,
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it is also our support capacity.
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Right.
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We should check every angle, including bias.
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Our team may be focusing too much on the positive pilot.
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That is fair.
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We need to name both sides of the trade-off if we launch quickly.
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The trade-off is speed versus readiness.
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A fast launch creates momentum,
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but it could stretch the support team.
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Before we choose, let's set clear standards.
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What criteria would make this expansion worth the risk?
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I would use three criteria – confirmed demand,
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support readiness, and a clear compliance plan.
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Please revise the proposal around those points and recommend a phased pilot instead of a full launch.
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That scene was formal, but the language was direct and useful.
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Let's unpack each phrase a little more slowly.
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The first key phrase was, question the default.
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John used it before accepting the easy answer.
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This is a professional way to challenge an assumption.
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You're not saying, this is wrong,
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you're saying, let's not accept the first answer automatically.
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Exactly.
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Those question the default when a team is about to approve something just because it feels obvious or familiar.
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And if you say it calmly,
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it sounds careful, not negative.
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The second phrase was, compare the signals.
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John wanted to look at the survey,
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pilot usage, and sales conversations together.
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I like this one because evidence in business is often messy.
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One signal may look positive,
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but another may tell a different story.
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Right.
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Compare the signals means don't let one data point control the whole decision.
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A useful example is, let's compare the signals before we call this a success.
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Next was, step back first.
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This phrase brings context into the room before the team decides.
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Exactly.
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It tells people, before we go deeper into details,
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let's look at the bigger situation.
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In the scene, the bigger context was support capacity.
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Demand looked good, but the team might not be ready.
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So step back first is especially useful when people are focused on one exciting number.
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Sarah then said they should check every angle.
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That is a natural way to reduce bias.
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Yes, it is diplomatic because it does not accuse anyone.
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It simply says, let's make sure our view is complete.
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You can use check every angle when the team may be too attached to a positive story.
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And it invites other people to add risks,
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missing facts, or alternative interpretations.
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The fifth phrase was name both sides.
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This is perfect for explaining a trade-off.
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A trade-off is not just a downside.
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It is the full picture,
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what we gain and what we give up.
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In this case, speed gives momentum, but readiness protects quality.
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Name both sides makes that balance clear.
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It's a useful phrase when a decision is not simply good or bad.
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Finally, John said, set clear standards.
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That connects directly to criteria.
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This is a strong decision habit.
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Before comparing options, agree on what success actually means.
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If you skip that step,
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people may argue because they are using different criteria in their heads.
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So, Set Clear Standards helps the team judge options fairly and explain the recommendation later.
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Now let's move to a different situation.
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Scene 2 is faster and more casual casual.
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Alex is a product manager and Emma is a UX researcher.
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They're deciding whether to ship a feature this week.
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The team wants momentum, but the user feedback is unclear.
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Let's listen.
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Emma, thanks for jumping on this quicksync.
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I saw your comments in the doc and it sounds like you're worried about Friday's release.
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Yeah, I am.
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The feature works, but the feedback is messy.
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We need to slow the reaction before we ship it.
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Fair.
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My assumption was that a small release means low risk,
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but that may be too simple.
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Exactly.
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Let's test the numbers.
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The evidence shows power users can use it,
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but new users are confused.
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Good distinction.
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We should add the user story,
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not just look at the dashboard.
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Yes, the context is onboarding.
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If the first experience is confusing, activation could drop.
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Then let's include missing voices.
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Who did we not hear from in testing?
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Mostly new users.
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That creates bias because our test group already understands the product.
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OK, we could delay the full launch and run a limited beta instead.
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That helps us choose a safer path.
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The trade off is slower timing, but better learning.
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Marketing needs a decision today,
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so let's use a decision rule.
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Good.
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If new users can complete onboarding without help, we launch wider.
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If not, we keep it in beta.
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Those criteria are clear.
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I'll update marketing and frame this as a controlled beta.
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Perfect.
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Better to think clearly now than clean up confusion later.
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Scene 2 is more casual,
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but the decision language was still very useful.
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Let's go phrase by phrase.
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Emma started with, slow the reaction.
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That is a simple phrase for challenging a quick assumption.
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This is useful when the team is moving fast and the first answer feels too easy.
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Exactly.
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Slow the reaction does not mean stop the project.
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It means pause long enough to think.
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A natural meeting sentence is,
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let's slow the reaction and check what we actually know.
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Then Emma said, test the numbers.
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That is excellent when evidence looks positive but maybe incomplete.
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Numbers can feel objective, but they still need interpretation.
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Who was measured?
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What was missing?
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What does the number really prove?
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In the scene, the data showed power users were fine,
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but not that new users understood the feature.
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So, test the numbers means don't just quote the data, examine it.
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Next, Alex said they should add the user story.
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That gave the data more context.
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This is a very useful product phrase.
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It reminds the team that behind every metric,
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there is a real user experience.
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Exactly.
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If the dashboard says one thing but users are confused,
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the user story matters.
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You can also use Add the User Story in sales,
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support, or customer success discussions.
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Then they used Include Missing Voices.
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That is a great phrase for reducing bias.
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It asks, Whose opinion or experience is not represented here?
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That question can change the decision.
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In this case, the missing voices were new users.
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The team had feedback, but it was not balanced.
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So, include missing voices is a practical way to make the conversation fairer and smarter.
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The fifth phrase was, choose a safer path.
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This is useful when every option has a trade-off.
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Right.
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Safer does not mean weak.
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It can mean more controlled,
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more responsible, or easier to learn from.
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The beta was slower, but it protected the customer experience and gave the team better learning.
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So, choose a safer path is a good phrase when speed is tempting but risk is high.
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Finally, Alex said, use a decision rule.
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That connects to criteria.
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A decision rule makes the next step clear.
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If this condition is met, we do one thing.
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If not, we do another.
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Exactly.
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It reduces vague debate and gives the team a shared standard.
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In the scene, the rule was simple.
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If new users succeed, launch wider.
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If not, keep testing.
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Let's turn this into practical meeting language.
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We'll go slowly so you can hear how to use each tip.
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First tip, ask before accepting.
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This means you pause before agreeing with the first idea.
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A good phrase is, can we question the default for a moment?
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It sounds careful, not confrontational.
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Use ask before accepting when a decision feels too automatic or when the room agrees too quickly.
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The key is to ask with curiosity, not with judgment.
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Second tip, check multiple sources.
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This is about evidence.
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Before you say something is true,
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compare different inputs, data, customer comments, team experience, and timing.
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You might say, let's compare the signals before we decide.
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That is, check multiple sources in action.
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It protects you from making a big decision based on one loud data point.
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Third tip, zoom out briefly.
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This brings context into the conversation.
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You don't need a long analysis.
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Just ask how the issue connects to customers,
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cost, timing, or team capacity.
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For example, let's step back first.
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What else does this affect?
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That's a practical use of zoom out briefly.
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This is helpful when people are stuck on one detail.
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Fourth tip, invite other angles.
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This helps reduce bias.
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A strong question is, who are we not hearing from?
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Or, what angle have we missed?
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Use invite other angles when the discussion feels one-sided,
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or when the same people are driving the decision.
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It makes the meeting more inclusive and often improves the decision.
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Fifth tip, state the cost.
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This is about trade-offs.
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Every serious decision has a cost.
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You gain something, but you usually give something up.
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A clear pattern is, we gain speed,
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but we give up confidence.
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That is, state the cost in plain English.
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It helps people see the decision more honestly.
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Sixth tip, set the standard.
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This is about criteria.
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Before comparing options, agree on what matters most,
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cost, customer impact, timeline, or risk.
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You can say, let's set clear standards before we compare the options.
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That's set the standard in action.
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Once the standard is clear,
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the decision feels less personal and more objective.
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The goal is not complicated English.
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The goal is clear questions and clear reasons.
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Try one phrase in your next meeting when the decision feels rushed or unclear.
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Let's recap today's critical thinking language.
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Our six vocabulary items were Assumption,
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Evidence, Context, Bias, Trade-off, and Criteria.
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From Scene 1, question the default,
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compare the signals, and step back first.
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Also remember, check every angle,
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name both sides, and set clear standards.
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From Scene 2, slow the reaction,
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test the numbers, and add the user story.
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Then include missing voices, choose a safer path,
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and use a decision rule.
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For practice, ask before accepting,
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check multiple sources, zoom out briefly, and invite other angles.
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Also, state the cost and set the standard before comparing options.
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Critical thinking is about slowing down at the right moment,
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not slowing everything down forever.
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Thanks for listening to Business English Podcast.
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Keep asking better questions, and we'll see you next time.
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このレッスンについて
このレッスンでは、ビジネスシーンにおけるクリティカルシンキングの重要性について学びます。具体的には、意思決定を支えるための有用な語彙とビジネス英語のフレーズを通じて、証拠を基にした思考を実践します。学習者は、複雑な状況での判断力を高めるために、適切な質問をし、情報を整理するスキルを向上させることが目標です。
重要な語彙とフレーズ
- 仮定 (Assumption) - 完全には確認されていない真実として受け入れられる考え。
- 証拠 (Evidence) - 決定を支える事実や情報。
- 文脈 (Context) - 問題を取り巻く広い状況。
- バイアス (Bias) - 判断を不公平または不正確にする思考の癖。
- トレードオフ (Trade-off) - 速度と品質、コストと柔軟性のバランス。
- 基準 (Criteria) - 選択肢を比較し、決定を下すための標準。
- 推奨 (Recommendation) - 特定のアクションを提案する意見。
- 市場需要 (Market Demand) - 需要がどのように変動するかに関する情報。
練習のヒント
このビデオの速さとトーンを考慮すると、効果的なイングリッシュスピーキング練習は、shadow speech の技法を使って行うと良いでしょう。まず、ビデオを数回見て内容を理解した後、自分の口で繰り返すことが大切です。英語スピーキング練習として、必要に応じてスピードを調整しながら、各フレーズを影のように追いかけてみてください。
特に重要なのは、shadow speak を行う際に、言葉のリズムやイントネーションに注意を払うことです。YouTubeで英語学習を利用して、実際のビジネスシーンを模した会話を練習することで、自然な言い回しが身につきます。また、英語シャドーイングを通じて、正しい発音と表現を習得できるので、声に出してみましょう。あなたのビジネス英語のスキルは、次第に向上していくはずです。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。