シャドーイング練習: Crypto Coin vs Token (Differences + Examples) - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

Let's say you're wanting a new way to get around.

Well, the way that I see it, you can either buy your own car and have to manage that car, like keep it up to date, change the oil, replace the tires, all that stuff.

It's overall responsibility to keep that car because it is yours.

Well, the alternative is that you could rent a car.

This means you can borrow a car for a monthly payment, and in that case, you can use it for whatever purposes you might need, you just pay the owner the rent for using that car, and then you don't have to worry about any of the issues.

Depending on the different factors in your life, you would have to choose the one that best fits your needs, and which one was wiser to go with.

For example, you may not have a bunch of cash to buy a new car outright, or maybe you were just super busy and you don't want to take care of the maintenance.

Well, if you think of this analogy, it's pretty much the same as the differences between a coin and a token.

A coin uses its own blockchain to keep track of all the data, which in our car analogy would be owning the car.

When it comes to a token though, you are using someone else's coin's blockchain as your infrastructure, while you basically pay rent.

When you create a token, code and worry about how it should be validated.

Instead, you just create the token and it runs on that blockchain.

The best example for this video would be Ethereum.

Ethereum is its own blockchain that both stores value and validates transactions.

Ethereum's team has been working very hard the past few years on improving the entire system, updating how it works, and patching vulnerabilities.

An Ethereum token, or an ERC20 token,

uses Ethereum's blockchain's capabilities as its backbone and is an ERC -20 token built on the Ethereum network.

Now the team decided it was not large enough to create their own mainframe, but they wanted to create a system where users could reward the creators that they follow in a simple manner.

Without going too deep into it, the basic attention token team can focus on providing a great product, that is, the Brave browser.

A web browser that automatically replaces a website's advertisements with advertisements that reward the creator with Brave.

If this sounds confusing, we are actually creating a video on the Brave token soon,

and turn on bell notifications if you enjoy these educational animated videos and you want to reward our hard work.

Anyways, by creating a token, the brave team could rely on Ethereum's network to provide safety and stability while they focused on their own product.

Also, you should know that a team of developers can migrate from a token to a coin

if they decide that their project is growing quick enough.

If we think about Crypto .com, they recently just launched their own mainnet, which is a fancy way of saying they launched See,

they used to have a token, but it got so popular that they decided to create their own blockchain and branch off.

So here's an important thing: you can't convert a token straight into a coin.

You can create a coin that functions the same way

and then create a bridge that will allow users to swap out their previous tokens for the new coins.

In some cases, some coins like LEO are tokens on multiple networks.

For example, LEO is on the Ethereum network, the Binance Smart Chain network, and the Hive network.

Some coins are represented as tokens on other networks.

For example, a few days ago I bought something called Binance Peg Ethereum token on the Binance Smart Chain.

I did not actually buy Ethereum, but instead I bought a representation of Ethereum on the Binance Smart Chain network that mimics the price of Ethereum.

You might be wondering why I did this.

Well, a regular Ethereum transaction is around $20 right now.

However, a transaction on the Binance Smart Chain is only 50 cents, so it is much more of Ethereum on the Binance Smart Chain Network.

You can kind of think about it like if you buy a stock of gold.

You own the stock, but all it does is represent the gold.

At any time, you can cash out that stock for a piece of gold.

So it's basically gold, at least for trading purposes.

I hope that this isn't too confusing.

So while that is a simple version of it, there are a few different types of tokens that we can use to categorize the purpose of each token.

Let me go over a couple examples here, and maybe you'll get the hang of it if you haven't already.

to support a decentralized application on the blockchain.

For example, Uniswap is a decentralized application that allows users to swap out Ethereum tokens for other Ethereum tokens.

And even though they are a decentralized app, they also have their own token, the Uniswap token.

This token is given out to those who invest in their platform, and it has the promise that eventually token holders can vote on changes in the future,

and maybe even earn some of the profits from the trades.

Next up we have number 2 which is Security Tokens.

meant to represent ownership of another asset.

For example, say you wanted to buy gold, but you didn't actually want to hold the gold.

Someone could create a token that is tracked to the price of gold.

So instead of actually owning the gold, you owned a representation of it, which technically would be much safer

because it is much more difficult to hack an Ethereum token than it is to break into someone's house.

Now the tricky part here is that there should be a real asset behind it.

For example, I could create a gold token, ask you to invest in it, and not have any which are transactional tokens.

Transactional tokens are used as a fast and easy way to transfer money.

If we think of the coin XDAI, it is currently pegged to the United States dollar, and it's easy for people to pay for, say, maybe coffee, or buying that shirt you like at that local store.

You can use it the same as cash, however, the expenses of it are super low.

Right now, the transaction fee is .000021 United States dollars, and that is ridiculously low.

over 47 000 transactions and only pay one dollar in fees for them all try doing

that on paypal or through a bank wire number four is utility tokens

so utility tokens are tokens

that have a value tied to their ownership for example basic attention token is an ethereum token

that can be used to advertise on the brave browser in other words

if i wanted to advertise this youtube channel on the brave web browser i could do

so very easily with my basic attention token in other words Security tokens don't do anything, you just buy them and hold them,

but a utility token can actually be used for a commercial intent.

Lastly, we have number five, which is governance tokens.

Governance tokens allow token holders to vote on certain things.

For example, Uniswap could be a governance token in a future version of the Uniswap exchange.

Token holders could choose to vote to raise the fee of a Uniswap trade from 0 .3 % to 0 .6%, and everyone with a token would be allowed to vote on that change.

The decision with the most votes chooses the winner.

So you actually have more voting power by holding more tokens.

Obviously, there's a pretty good reason to hold more tokens.

By holding more, you can actually control the platform more.

But this comes up with the problem of the authority being centralized.

But we'll save that for another video.

Now that we've went over the different types of tokens, hopefully you understand why we need them and how some of them work.

If you've enjoyed this video, we highly recommend checking out some of our other videos, which are created in a similar animated manner.

Thank you guys so much for watching.

hope to see you in the next video.

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407 文

このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント

この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が84文、単語が1394語あります。音声の長さは7:01です。話す速さは速く、1分あたり約199語です。音のつながりや弱く発音される音が多くなります。英語の頻出3,000語に含まれる単語は80%だけなので、語彙は難しめです。

この動画の重要語彙

動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。

単語	発音	意味
token 名詞	/ˈtoʊkən/	トークン
coin 名詞	/ˈkoɪ̯n/	硬貨, 玉
brave 形容詞	/bɹeɪv/	勇敢な, 勇気ある
blockchain 名詞		ブロックチェーン
transaction 名詞	/tɹænˈzækʃən/	処理
reward 名詞	/ɹɪˈwɔɹd/	見返り, 賞
utility 名詞	/juːˈtɪlɪti/	有用, 有用性
ownership 名詞	/ˈoʊnɚʃɪp/	所有権
invest 動詞	/ɪnˈvɛst/	投入する
asset 名詞	/ˈæsɛt/	資産
creator 名詞	/kɹiːˈeɪ̯təː/	造物主, 作り主
swap 動詞	/ˈswɑp/	取り替える, 交換する
advertisement 名詞	/ˈædvɚˌtaɪzmənt/	広告, ＣＭ
analogy 名詞	/əˈnæləd͡ʒi/	類推, アナロジー
confuse 動詞	/kənˈfjuːz/	混乱させる

動画に出てくる句動詞

単語	意味
check out 動詞	試験する, 検査する

この動画の文法

話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。

文型	動画での表現
受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる	should be validated · are represented · is given
関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加える	mainnet, which is · those who invest · any which are

注意したい発音

話し手はdon't, can't, didn'tなど、短縮形や弱形を12回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。

「sh」と「zh」の音: transaction /tɹænˈzækʃən/, ownership /ˈoʊnɚʃɪp/, representation /ˌɹɛp.ɹə.zɛnˈteɪ.ʃən/, notification /ˌnoʊtɪfɪˈkeɪʃn̩/, transactional /trænˈzækʃ(ə)nəl/
長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: utility /juːˈtɪlɪti/, representation /ˌɹɛp.ɹə.zɛnˈteɪ.ʃən/, advertisement /ˈædvɚˌtaɪzmənt/, analogy /əˈnæləd͡ʒi/, infrastructure /ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/

この動画での練習方法

まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。token, coin, braveなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由

シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。

シャドーイングのやり方: ステップ別の完全ガイドを読む →

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