シャドーイング練習: I Added Animals Into My Giant Rainforest Vivarium - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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This is my grand 1,000 gallon cloud rainforest vivarium.
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I've named Pandora.
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Beautiful and majestic it stands, with its stunning array of tropical plants, and even a fully automated climate.
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It's a personal project of mine of great scientific value, as my goal has been to recreate a real rainforest ecosystem within glass,
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and my, has it been an epic biological journey thus far!
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But the real action was just about to begin.
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I've been eagerly awaiting the big day that I could stalk the vivarium with animals.
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That day has arrived.
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I call this monumental event Gaia, i.e. the Great Animal Integration Advent,
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where I would release an initial team of creatures to jumpstart the ecosystem,
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but little did I know when I finally did fulfill my animal fantasies by adding in all the creatures,
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my seemingly fun experiment and rendezvous with Mother Nature would quickly turn out to be an eye-opening Pandora's box, and the sequence of events
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that occurred after throwing in a bunch of animals together in a vivarium shook me to the core.
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This is the craziest story of what happened when I finally added animals into my ecosystem Vavarium,
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part 6 of my Ecosystem Vavarium series, when our rainforest Vavarium Pandora officially becomes Mother Nature's Game of Thrones,
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here on the AntsCanada Ant Channel!
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I approached Pandora, overflowing with anticipation and a bit of nervousness.
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I opened the doors to the vivarium and looked around.
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I couldn't believe the moment to add in more animals had come.
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I say more animals because, as shown in the last episode, I had already placed in a house gecko earlier that day as a test introduction,
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and just two days prior, was surprised to discover that a large array of creatures had already taken up residence in the vivarium,
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introduced via the vivarium's décor and plants.
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From spiders to termites to beetles,
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millipedes, a baby grasshopper, and colonies of ants that had begun to compete for resources and wage war against one another,
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these very primal lands we created were already teeming with life.
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But to effectively recreate a rainforest ecosystem within glass,
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I knew I needed the biodiversity saturation that exists in a real rainforest,
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and so, my initial selection of animals were all waiting in their containers to be placed inside.
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AC Family, let's do this!
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First, I started with the largest group of animals I'd be placing in, detritivores.
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These creatures would work hard in the ecosystem to break down rotting vegetation and material.
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First up, isopods.
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Whether you call them roly-polies, sow bugs, pill bugs, or potato bugs, these amazing crustaceans were my top choice for detritivores.
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I had several varieties.
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I placed them into Pandora one by one.
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Oreo Crumble, in you go!
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Red Panda, in!
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Anemone, go!
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Murina, be free!
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Panda, I love their little panda eye spots!
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Red Koi, in you go!
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Whiteout, in! And papaya!
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When they were all in, I marveled at the sight of all of them exploring their new forest floor.
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It was neat to see their different color patterns.
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There's a red koi with a whiteout and a papaya, and there's an anemone getting butt pushed, And another red koi running through.
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The isopods instantly went straight to work, munching on decaying leaves and vegetation, just as I'd hoped they would.
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Yes, my beloved isopods, feed and go forth to multiply in these vast lands, now yours to populate and live fruitfully.
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Next, in this container, one of the scariest, most disgusting creatures on Earth in my books, but also important detritivores in the ecosystems.
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Oh man, I'm so worm-phobic!
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It's not even funny, nor does it even make sense, as they're harmless.
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It slithered like a disgusting organ out of sight, thank goodness.
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I dropped several of these huge earthworms around Pantora, and they instantly burrowed into the ground.
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Go forth and consume organic material in Pantora, you dreadful creatures of the soil abyss!
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waste would also be excellent fertilizer for all the plants, but they give me the heebie-jeebies.
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I also added these cuties, not worms, but beetle grubs.
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Not sure what species they are, but they're probably rhino beetles.
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As grubs, they feed on root systems and decaying wood, so they will have a great time maturing in Pandoran soils before emerging as adult beetles above ground,
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perhaps several weeks from now.
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wait for that to happen!
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Up next, moving up the food chain, are semi-detritivores slash herbivores.
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Roaches are some of the top players in forest ecosystems that fill this niche.
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Helping in breaking down organic material and vegetation, these are Turkestan roaches, and beside them,
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Dubia roaches, some of my favorite feeders for insectivorous pets.
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These roaches breed very quickly and will eat a lot of vegetation and organic matter within the vivarium.
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In my beloved roaches, go forth and be fruitful!
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Pandora is yours to discover now!
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I also have one large mama!
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She is a Madagascar hissing cockroach, also a tropical forest roach.
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She's also pregnant, so she'll be seeding a new generation of Madagascar hissers within the lands.
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Go forth, my lady!
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Enjoy your new home and seed it with thine offspring!
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Oh, but the cockroach fun is not over yet, AC Family!
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I have left the coolest roaches for last!
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These are Pseudoglomerous Magnifica, Metallic Emerald Cockroaches!
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Look at them!
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They're literally like shiny jewels!
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Aren't they stunning?
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These roaches love decaying material and wood, and will make excellent players in our rainforest ecosystem.
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Now these are just youngsters.
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They will get bigger than this, but I think they win the award for most beautiful roaches in the world.
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They scuttled away to various parts of Pandora.
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It was then that it occurred to me that the roaches looked more like shiny beetles, which is possibly what these roaches are mimicking in the forests they're from,
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seeing as a lot of animals have a distaste for hard-to-eat beetles, but love a juicy roach?
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Go forth my shiny roach jewels!
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Hey, there's our gecko!
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Next on the food chain are true herbivores, and for that, I have Orthopterans, basically the order of crickets, grasshoppers, and katydids.
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First up is this interesting looking grasshopper.
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This is a slant-faced grasshopper, which gets its name from its elongated face, which you'll see better in a bit.
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Let's place you inside, little one!
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I prodded it with my finger, and it hopped, grabbing onto a vine.
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Great target accuracy!
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It swung on the vine like Tarzan.
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See its face?
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How funny, right?
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Next is this gorgeous big brown lady.
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She is a brown leaf katydid, and feeds on vegetation and tree material.
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She gets her name of course, because her body looks like a dead leaf, allowing her to camouflage well among the foliage of a forest.
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Come with me, my fine lady katydid, that's her name.
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I opened her container and allowed her to crawl out on my hand.
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What a giant!
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She then suddenly took a leap and landed right on the back of the Halleluja tree stump.
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Against the wood, she looked right at home.
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Enjoy Pandora, my brown leaf girl!
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I had a normal green grasshopper.
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It crawled out of the container, and with a little tap on its butt, it jumped and landed on a far-end asparagus fern.
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Finally, some of the noisiest of Orthopterans, crickets.
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These are native forest crickets, and they're also a favourite food for many insectivorous animals.
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They eat all kinds of things, from vegetation, to decaying organic material, to even other insects and each other.
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Crickets are savage, and I really wanted them to be part of Pandora too.
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So I place them in.
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Now you might be wondering what that tub of soil is for.
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Well, that tub is full of eggs!
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If you fill a little container with moist soil and place it into a cricket enclosure,
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the females with their long ovipositors will almost immediately begin laying their eggs into it.
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As you can see them doing here, those long ovipositors are used like needles stabbed into the ground,
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so the eggs can be buried at just the right depth.
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So I buried this cricket egg tub so that the next generation of crickets could be Pandoran natives.
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Alright and now that all the herbivores were in, it was now time for what I'm sure a lot of you are waiting for.
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We're moving up the food chain now to the predators.
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Arachnophobes, look away and just listen until I say it's safe, starting with this baby huntsman spider.
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Now when I say baby, I mean baby.
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I also have an adult huntsman, which is an absolute monstrosity of a spider, but for now I'll be adding this baby.
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The moment I opened the container, it ran out and jumped for its dear life.
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Luckily it jumped into the tank and not out of it.
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Based on the angle of the jump, it was about a 50-50 chance.
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I also placed in a gorgeous male jumping spider I found hopping around my home.
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Hi there, little guy!
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There are already a couple jumping spiders in here.
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you manage to find Eve, good luck!
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After looking around, it attached a lifeline web and began to check out his new home.
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OK, arachnophobes, you can look now.
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Now along with the house gecko I added in earlier, these were all the lower level predators I would be adding for now,
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because I wanted the prey animals to start breeding and establish first before unleashing the higher level predators slash apex predators.
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Hang in there my predatory beasts, you will be joining them soon.
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I would be coming back for them, starting with the ant colony.
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Yes, I'll be adding a stealthy predatory species of some very giant ants by the end of this video.
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You'll see them soon!
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But the first phase of Gaia was complete, as the rains began to roll through, baptizing Pandora and all its new creatures with life-giving, invigorating waters.
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I closed the doors, feeling a sense of gratification and excitement to see how Pandora's ecosystem would take shape thereafter, but little did I know,
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what would surprise me the most over the next couple of
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days was how many of these creatures would actually be dying at the mercy of Pandora's now amped up ecosystem.
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Nothing could have prepared me for the chain of events that would ensue starting the first First Night After Gaia.
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It was the first night after Gaia, and at first glance, you wouldn't suspect that Pandora was now hosting a new plethora of lifeforms.
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All was still, and the forest was placid.
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I would soon discover that these lands had truly transformed now into something different,
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taking on a whole new forest soul upon closer inspection.
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The mist filled the late cool night air with humidity that enveloped the entire forest floor,
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creating the perfect haven for its quiet rainforest soil creatures.
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Have a look!
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The isopods were wide awake on this their first night in Pandora, as they moved from place to place, feasting on the most delectable of decaying organic matter,
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mostly leaf litter, laid out in abundance on the forest floor of Pandora.
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Cool to see the isopods enjoying the buffet!
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For the most part, right now these isopods don't have predators, which is as planned,
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because I want them to establish a good colony first before I start placing in creatures that eat them, and turns out, they already were!
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See that baby?
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Shhh, it's sleeping!
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I find the isopods to be really cute and almost alien or robotic looking in anatomy.
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I love them as the tritivores!
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The humid forest floor also offered a perfect environment for mushrooms that also fed on decaying matter, and a snail which slipped its way around,
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searching for tasty plants to munch on.
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This snail was probably also another one of those many creatures introduced from the plants.
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Arachnophobes, look away again!
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A baby spider, also probably unknowingly introduced, crawled on its web, not noticing the huge huntsman,
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also a baby, that lay in ambush.
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The huntsman youngster had found the perfect location to catch the humidifying fog as it rolled through.
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I spotted a herd of termites moving in the distance, probably foraging for new wood.
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The resident orb weaver spider's wheel-shaped web gathered water droplets, creating a stunning artwork piece, signed by Mother Nature.
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The Madagascar hissing roach was climbing the side mesh in search of a suitable place to retire before sunrise.
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Up in the canopy, our brown-leafed katydid was awake and feeding.
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It was eating vine material and skin, but stopped when it saw I was filming.
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No need to be camera shy, my lady katydid.
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Up on the vines, the marauder ants were trailing and busy at work.
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Surprisingly, the ants leave the katydid alone and don't bother her as they crawl across the vines.
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The marauders who had been up all night were still up and about.
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They never seemed to stop working.
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They had lots of prey animals to feast on now, and sure enough, I would discover they'd be getting their fair share of the feast soon.
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But enemies were waiting on the sidelines, hoping to steal their share of Pandora's now enriched resources.
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On the western end of Pandora, up on the moss wall, an encampment had been cut out into the soils.
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The black crazy ant nest had been positioned right at one of the bromeliads.
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The sight gave the black crazy ants the perfect vantage point to plan their next move within Pandora. And look!
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The colony was already producing males!
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See it with wings?
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This black crazy ant colony surely had queens too, and I say queens because black crazy ants are polygynous,
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which means their colonies possess many egg-laying queens.
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And what makes things worse is the queens possess the ability to clone their previous ex-lovers,
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meaning their sons are genetic replicas of their previous mates with none of the queen's DNA.
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So technically these males can mate with their biological sisters, and there would be zero inbreeding happening.
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It's a genetic hack, and why this invasive species of ant has become a major pest in many parts of the world.
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This black crazy ant colony was about to explode in numbers, and it worried me greatly,
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especially because it looked to me like these black crazy ants were gearing up for something big.
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I wasn't sure what yet, but little did I know, I was about to find out what these black crazy ants were secretly plotting.
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Anyway, I noticed they too were trailing across the upper vines.
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I could make out their signature crazy sporadic movements.
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Like the marauders, they also used the extensive vine network to access various parts of Pandora.
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It seemed a lot of animals depended on these vines for both travel and sustenance, as I spotted a jumping spider stealthily travelling across,
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hunting for its next meal.
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The vines themselves were now taking on a life of their own.
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Check out their new air roots, which the banyan vines were now sending out!
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Crazy to think that these vines were alive, and soon an entire banyan tree would be growing here!
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of the vine were sending out these fresh pink air roots towards the ground.
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It made me a bit nervous though, to know that the vines were cloning themselves into a tree, because banyan vines are very powerful creatures
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and would surely burst out of my tank once it had a stronghold footing in the soils and décor.
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On the other hand, I was excited to see a true canopy with full out leaves at the top of the tank, and look!
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In fact, the leaves have started to sprout!
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Super cool!
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The banyan tree had begun to make its presence known.
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It was the first day after Gaia.
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I spotted life in various unexpected corners of Pandora.
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Look!
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Our pretty house gecko, the first animal member to be intentionally placed into Pandora.
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Look at those beautiful wavy slit eyes!
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Judging from the slit, she was asleep now, as these geckos don't have eyelids.
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The slits just kind of close when they sleep.
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She snoozed hugging the driftwood.
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What's cool about these house geckos is their species is almost entirely composed of females, and they end up laying eggs without having to mate,
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which hatch into more females.
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They're capable of a process called parthenogenesis, which is kind of like a type of cloning.
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I couldn't wait for her to start laying eggs in Pandora.
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I'm sure she was enjoying all the new prey animals available to her now.
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Speaking of prey animals, our herbivores were out and about once the sun was out.
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The metallic roaches were up and exploring Pandora with great curiosity.
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This roach explored the Halleluja tree stump.
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I spotted another one climbing the vines by the pond.
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It feasted on the skin of the vines as highways of ants crawled by.
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I found it interesting that the marauders weren't actively stalking and killing other insects like I thought they might.
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This metallic roach sure wasn't worried.
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After all, it was a hard-armored beetle, right?
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Wink wink!
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Our green grasshopper was out to warm up and greet the morning sun.
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So was the slant-faced grasshopper.
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Cool to see it had chosen to pair itself with this philodendron, obscuring its form from predators.
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Great choice, wouldn't you agree, AC Family?
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It looks like it's part of the plant!
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The crickets by far were the most active of the herbivores, and I watched this cricket graze on the various mosses in search of the tastiest buds to munch on.
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She taste tested different species of moss until she found the tastiest bunch that met her standards.
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She loved the flavour of this moss species!
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I noticed since adding these herbivores in that a few chunks had been taken out of various leaves all around Pandora, perfect to see the herbivores were doing their thing.
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I wasn't worried though because new plant growth was happening all over the territories.
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Various mini plants were sprouting from the soils everywhere, plants I personally didn't plant,
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but that were also introduced unintentionally through the soils.
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In terms of the plants I did actually plant in Pandora, many had now grown to establish new root systems within the soil,
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and as I'd hoped, new growth was appearing everywhere.
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Remember the tiny baby grasshopper from the last episode?
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I spotted him again, but this time he seemed bigger.
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They grow up so fast, don't they?
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It was then that a movement caught my eye in the nearby driftwood.
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Oh man!
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The black crazy ants were trailing on the Hallelujah tree stump!
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What were they doing so close to the Marauder's Nest now?
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Look, there was the opening to the Marauder's Nest, and just a few inches away,
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the black crazy ants were trailing, seemingly excited over something.
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I was certain these black crazy ants were surely up to something now.
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I wasn't sure what they had planned, but it all felt very concerning.
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I tried to imagine what these black crazy ants might be up to, but was suddenly distracted when I stumbled upon a mass death at one end of Pandora.
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Look!
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Drowned crickets.
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Many crickets had sadly drowned overnight, despite there being a life-saving stick in the pond.
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I was afraid this pond might be a death trap for crickets and other insects.
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I'll have to add something into these waters to eat these
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dead bodies once the waters have completely cycled in a couple more weeks.
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Any suggestions on what fish or other animals I could add to deal with drowned bodies?
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I left most of the bodies in the water, as they would help accelerate the cycling process to build up the bacteria in the filter
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that would help with neutralizing the water for aquatic life later.
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But I placed one of the cricket bodies on the rock shelf, and AC Family, soon enough, check out what that led to!
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It took five minutes for the marauders to come trailing out of their nest.
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Let's follow it, and keep your eye on that major!
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I love following marauder trails! And success!
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The Marauders would be having a feast today on a cricket!
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I was sad that we lost a lot of adult crickets in one fell swoop due to the pond, but I knew more were on the way,
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and this was all part of the ecosystem doing its thing to achieve balance.
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But what I didn't expect was who else I discovered would
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be losing their lives at the harsh hands of Pandora the next day.
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The second night brought rains to Pandora's territories.
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I loved how peaceful Pandora was every time it rained.
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This was one of my favorite views within this tank.
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There was something so magical about watching it storm within it.
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Therapeutic and calming, nature was truly amazing in these very serene and beautiful moments in Pandora,
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and it was an honor to experience it with you guys.
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The rains had caused the vines to really start growing.
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Look at the budding leaves now!
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By sunrise, behind this rock wall, I chuckled spotting this dubia roach who had tucked itself into the soft, giant mossy duvet behind the rocks,
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perfectly dry from the storms.
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Now that's some 5-star accommodation!
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Look at how comfy it looks!
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But sadly, it wasn't all a bed of mosses for all the Pandoran creatures, as overnight, more animals had lost their lives.
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A supermajor was making its way back to the nest along the hugely active Marauder Trail.
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Why were the supermajors dispatched?
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I soon found out why.
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Massive food catch coming through!
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The grasshopper had either died naturally or was seized by the ants, and was now being hauled all the way home to the tree stump.
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Wow!
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This AC Family is another one of my ultimate favorite things to witness!
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a swarm of ants cooperatively carry a huge prey item back to their nest.
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Let's just sit back for a moment and watch this awesome scene that happens every day for these ants in the wild,
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but was now taking place here in Pandora for all of us to actually enjoy!
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The ants rejoiced in a festive clamour as they paraded their new catch along their hunting trail cut out in the soil.
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I couldn't wait to see them lug this huge grasshopper up the wood!
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Remember that this grasshopper is many times the weight of these ants, so carrying it home was truly a mind-boggling feat,
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much like a bunch of humans carrying a bus home.
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A swarm of black crazy ants watched from the summit of the Halleluja tree stump at the marauders below.
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I assumed they were jealous of the marauders, but I would soon discover that jealousy wasn't on their minds at all.
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The marauders had made their way to the foot of the tree stump now, and in an amazing display of strength and coordination,
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the ants began to lift the grasshopper carcass up the wood towards the opening of their nest.
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Wow!
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These ants were truly a colony of some mussel beasts!
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I loved every moment as they brought the grasshopper higher and higher up the wood.
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I was afraid they might lose their footing and drop it at any moment.
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I continued to watch with bated breath.
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And then finally, the ants managed to lug the huge grasshopper into the opening of their nest.
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And I burst out laughing as I spotted a Dubia roach come rushing out from an upper opening,
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smelling death wafting from below it.
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It did not want to become the Marauders' next meal.
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It needed to find a mossy duvet somewhere.
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But as awesome and fun as this moment was for the marauders, I couldn't believe what I would be spotting next!
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With all this new food, no marauders had a reason to leave their nest, and their once very busy trails were now for the first time empty,
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which set up the perfect opportunity for the black team to make their next strategic chess move.
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Check!
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Some white sporadic movements caught my eye up the back of the hallelujah tree stump.
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What is that?
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No way!
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My heart sank when I realized what was happening!
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The black crazy ants moved swiftly, but silently, carrying their brood to the top of the Halleluja tree stump
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where they had found a darkened cavern somewhere to call their new home.
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Ah!
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The black crazy ants were moving into the stump too?
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This was crazy!
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While the marauders lived in the apartments below, the black crazy ants had claimed the penthouse suite.
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I wasn't sure what to make of all this, but this strategic move by the black crazy ants was very worrying.
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Seeing all the brood also confirmed to me that indeed the colony had queens,
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and how smart of them to seize this opportunity when the marauders were busy preoccupied with their food!
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Would this lead to the demise of our marauders
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and the sure victory of these invasive black crazy ants in the great war of the ant superpowers?
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I knew only time would tell, but nature has a funny way of surprising you with her plans,
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and what ended up happening the next day was an even greater plot twist I could never have anticipated.
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The next day, the marauders were out trailing again, but when I discovered why, I felt so sad.
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A dead body lay at the foot of the stump.
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closer inspection, I was heartbroken when I discovered that it was our house gecko.
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Oh no!
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She had died overnight.
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I doubt the ants would have been able to catch and kill her, so my guess was she had died of natural causes.
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The marauders began to delicately pick her body apart piece by piece.
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They had already successfully begun to dissect her abdominal area.
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Looking at her eyes, I knew she was now at peace, and had given up her life and body the creatures of Pandora.
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The sight disturbed me, but I knew it was all part of the legendary circle of life, and a truth I had to be able to accept
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if a true ecosystem was what I wanted to achieve in these lands we created.
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In her memory, I released another house gecko into Pandora to take over her important place in the vivarium.
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When I looked up to our banyan tree above, sprouting even greater than ever, I was reminded that new life needed energy to come into being,
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and that in an ecosystem, energy came from sunlight but also at times needed to be borrowed from other life forms.
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In dying, our gecko, prey animals, and dead insects offered their life-giving energy to the Pandoran ecosystem so it could continue on to thrive.
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All of life on Earth was like this, and Pandora was just a microcosm of the huge biological tapestry to which we all belong.
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The next day, I was surprised to find
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that the huge bud of vine leaves I watched grow over the past few days had been eaten, probably by our brown lady Katie.
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Its remains were left on the forest floor for other animals to eat.
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Even the vines were lending itself to the ecosystem, but no worries though, as a new sprout was on the way, I felt grateful to learn and witness all of this.
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Over the next few days, I monitored the activity of the black crazy ants, and surprisingly, they didn't attempt to go to war with the marauders.
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In fact, it almost seemed as though the marauders knew the black crazy ants were camped above them, but didn't care, and
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that the black crazy ants actually respected the space of the marauders as they went on with their business around Pandora.
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Could these two species of ants be allies?
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I wasn't sure, but only time would tell.
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This made me realize
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that even invasives are just out there trying to survive as best they can
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and aren't always plotting the demise of other similar species.
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It wasn't the fault of the invasives that they were so successful in the ecosystems they found themselves in.
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I realized invasives weren't necessarily the bad guys.
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And speaking of ants, several days after Gaia, I decided it was time to finally release into Pandora,
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the ant colony I had waiting on the sidelines.
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Within this tub was a giant trap jaw ant queen.
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They're called trap jaw ants because of their huge jaws
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that open 180 degrees and snap shut with lightning force to capture and instantly kill any prey item to befall its jaws.
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This queen was caring for her initial brood pile of giant trap jaw ant workers.
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I placed her and her tub with an opening into Pandora, away from the Marauder and Black Crazy Ants,
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so she could focus on rearing this first generation of workers to adulthood.
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She will need to hunt for small prey items in Pandora, and feed them to her larvae over the next few weeks.
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Meanwhile, I made sure to bury her right next to the cricket egg bed, so that when they arrive the queen will have a good supply of prey to feed her young.
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It was all up to her now to survive the wilds of Pandora.
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Let's hope she does, and we start seeing giant trap giants wandering these soils.
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But now that the initial team of animals and creatures I placed in had a week to settle in,
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I felt it was the perfect time to finally add one of our higher predators,
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an apex predator, To patrol Pandora and do its important work at controlling populations of prey animals,
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I approached Pandora with my chosen apex predator and proceeded to release it into Pandora.
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My heart was racing as I laid its container down onto the soil.
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Come out, my beloved beast!
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Welcome to your new home!
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Vote in my Community tab to affect this story!
385
Hope you can subscribe to the channel as we upload every Saturday at 8AM EST.
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Please remember to LIKE, COMMENT, SHARE, and SUBSCRIBE if you enjoyed this video to help us keep making more.
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It's ant love forever!
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単語学習自分の単語帳を作る
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この動画は誰におすすめ？
中級レベルの英語学習者で、動画で英語学習をしながら自然なスピーチリズムや説明的な表現を身につけたい人に最適です。冒険的なプロジェクトの話を楽しみながら、生態系に関する専門用語や感情を表すフレーズを学べます。特にシャドーイングの練習には、話者の興奮と緊張が混ざったトーンが良い教材となります。
盗んでもいい単語・イディオム
- Pandora's Box：パンドラの箱（思わぬ災いの原因となるもの）。文中では動物を入れた後の予期せぬ展開を指します。
- detritivores：腐食動物。枯れ葉などを分解する生物のことで、生態系の重要な役割を担います。
- heebie jeebies：ぞっとする感じ。文中では作者がミミズに対して抱く嫌悪感を表しています。
アクセントを正すコツ
話者は説明的な部分では落ち着いたトーンで話し、興奮した場面では音量と速さが上がります。shadowing siteで練習する際は、「I couldn't believe the moment」のような驚きの表現では語尾を上げ、「Go forth and consume」のような命令的なフレーズでは強調する部分を見極めましょう。また、「isopods」「millipedes」などの長い単語は、音节を区切って発音することで正確に伝わります。shadowspeaksやshadow speakの技法を使い、リズムを捉えることが重要です。
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | be placed · can be buried · had been cut |
| 現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している | I've named · has been · I've been |
| 関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加える | beetles, which is · huntsman, which is · predators, which is |
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。