シャドーイング練習: Inside The World’s Biggest Military Plane - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
レッスンを作成中...
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This is the C5 Galaxy as it sits on the tarmac preparing to load two M1 Abrams tanks
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that will put the airplane to its absolute limit.
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This aircraft has been eating tanks since Nixon was president, and today it's demonstrating why after 50 years nothing else can replace it.
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The Galaxy's nose is not just a cargo door, but the entire front section of the aircraft pivots upward on hinges the size of trash cans.
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This creates an opening 19 feet wide and 13 feet tall, big enough to swallow a city bus without scraping the paint.
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The nose section weighs as much as a fully loaded 18 -wheeler held up by hydraulics
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that operate at the same pressure used to cut through steel.
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With the ability to fit everything from Minuteman missiles and Apache helicopters, this aircraft can transport just about any piece of equipment the US military has.
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But having a massive mouth doesn't help if you can't swallow.
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The cargo floor sits 10 feet off the ground, creating a ramp angle steep enough to make the tank slide backward.
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That's because steel treads on aluminum are about as grippy as ice skates on marble.
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Push too hard up that ramp and 70 tons lurches forward.
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Not enough power and it slides back into whatever's behind it.
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To solve this issue, the Galaxy does something most planes cannot do.
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Using hydraulics that operate the landing gear, the aircraft can kneel in different positions.
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For loading vehicles through the nose, the main landing gear compresses while the nose gear retracts deeper into its well.
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The whole aircraft bows forward like it's greeting royalty.
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This kneeling capability lowers the cargo floor from about 10 feet down to roughly 3 feet off the ground,
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truck bed height, and significantly reduces the ramp angle.
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This makes the difference between vehicles scraping their undercarriages on a steep climb and rolling smoothly into the cargo bay.
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Speaking of routine, look inside this cargo bay
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and you'll see 121 feet of uninterrupted floor space the wright
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brothers entire first flight was 13 feet shorter than this cargo
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hole the floor is covered with what looks like train tracks
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every 20 inches part of the pallet system that's been standard
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since vietnam between these rails glide 8 336 tie -down rings each one strong enough to hold a small yacht
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and the galaxy needs every one of them because of this unique design feature if you look here, you can see airmen actually loading cargo through the front.
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Vehicles roll into the back and out the front without backing up.
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During Vietnam, tanks would drive straight through the plane into combat while engines were still running.
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Today, it just means more efficient loading, but the capability remains.
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However, the Air Force isn't just chucking things in there like your junk drawer in the kitchen.
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Doing so would have disastrous effects on stability.
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That's why the load master uses this a tablet running software
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that calculates the same thing even the wright brothers worried about
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balance the center of gravity has to stay within a specific range
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or this plane won't fly properly think of it like balancing
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a pencil on your finger except the pencil weighs 720 000 pounds
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and flies at 40 000 feet put these tanks two feet too far forward and and the nose won't lift on takeoff.
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Two feet too far back, and the pilot loses control.
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It's a delicate balancing act that begins the moment anything touches the aircraft.
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As the first Abrams starts its climb, its engine is whining as 70 tons crawls up aluminum.
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The moment it stops, six airmen attack it with chains rated for 25 ,000 pounds each.
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They'll use 40 chains per tank, because turbulence can pull nine times gravity.
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Without all those chains, the tank becomes a wrecking ball.
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As the second tank loads, the floor bends down 6 inches.
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While you certainly don't want this going on in your house, this is supposed to happen.
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The galaxy's belly is designed to flex like a snake swallowing prey.
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Those ribs along the walls aren't decoration, they're transferring 280 ,000 pounds to the wings,
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spreading all that weight to ensure even distribution.
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With both tanks secured, the galaxy nose will lower, closing its mouth on another meal.
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But the real challenge weights three stories up, where someone has to make this 720 ,000 -pound beast fly across the ocean.
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Climbing to the cockpit is like climbing to the top of an office building that flies.
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The cockpit sits this high because when the nose swings open, it has to clear the cargo bay below.
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Otherwise, the pilots would be hanging upside down like bats.
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From up here, looking through 23 windows that wrap around like a greenhouse, you can finally appreciate why they call this thing a galaxy.
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It's absolutely massive.
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Once inside the flight deck, it looks more like a NASA mission control than a modern airliner.
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That's because while modern planes have gone digital, the galaxy keeps its analog backups because computers don't care
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that you're carrying cargo to some of the most remote spots on the planet when they decide to glitch.
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Inside the cockpit, there are three crew positions, pilot, co -pilot, and flight engineer, because the galaxy has too many systems for just two people to manage
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that engineer sits behind the pilots facing a wall of switches, circuit breakers, and gauges that looks like a 1970s stereo store exploded.
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The pilot's control yoke looks hilariously small, like steering a cruise ship with a pie plate, but this isn't connected to anything mechanical.
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Pullback an inch and hydraulics operating at bone -crushing pressure move control surfaces bigger than most people's apartments.
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The rudder alone is 1 ,200 square feet.
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The elevators that control pitch are each the size of a Cessna's entire wing.
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But here's where it gets interesting.
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Taxing this beast requires thinking ahead, because the main wheels are 110 feet behind the nose wheel.
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Imagine driving a car where your back wheels are in your driveway
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and the neighbor's house across the street for today's takeoff they
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need 8 400 feet of runway that's 1 .6 miles of
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concrete just to get airborne the speeds are carefully calculated at
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120 knots you're committed not enough runway left to stop at
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140 knots the pilot pulls back in praise at 155 knots you're finally fly, barely.
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The pilot pushes the throttles forward and 172 ,000 pounds of thrust fights 720 ,000 pounds of mass.
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Each engine is drinking 400 gallons per minute.
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That's filling up your car's tank every two seconds.
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The acceleration pushes everyone back as the galaxy reluctantly agrees to move forward.
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At rotation speed, something weird happens.
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The nose rises to 13 degrees, but the tail stays on the ground.
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The plane pivots on its main wheels like a seesaw, nose pointing at heaven while the tail drags.
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For four seconds that feel like forever, you're balanced on wheels 110 feet behind you,
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waiting for physics to decide if three -quarters of a million pounds should fly.
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Finally, the wings generate enough lift, about 750 ,000 pounds worth, to break gravity's grip.
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The landing gear takes 90 seconds to retract, 28 wheels folding into 5 separate hiding spots.
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Once those doors close, the Galaxy transforms from ugly duckling to graceful swan.
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Well, a really big swan that drinks 50 ,000 pounds of fuel per hour and hauls America's biggest weapons.
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The climb to cruising altitude takes forever at this weight.
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The Galaxy manages 500 feet per minute.
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A Cessna climbs faster, but as fuel burns off, performance improves.
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They're heading for 41 ,000 feet, where the air is thin and the fuel economy improves from terrible to merely bad.
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Up here, the autopilot takes over and the Galaxy flies steadier than human hands could manage.
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There's actually a crew rest area behind the cockpit with airline seats and bunks.
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On the 11 -hour Atlantic crossing cruise rotate.
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Sleep while George, pilot slang for autopilot, does the work.
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But the autopilot is just the tip of the iceberg for the insane engineering making this monster go.
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Looking at the wings, you'll see four General Electric DF -39S engines that have been around since the Beatles were still together.
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Each engine produces 43 ,000 pounds of thrust.
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Modify that by 4 and you've got more pushing power than the space shuttle's main engines at sea level.
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But their size isn't the only thing that makes them revolutionary.
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These were the first high -bypass turbofans on a military aircraft, meaning most of the air goes around the engine instead of going through it.
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Think of it as a jet engine wrapped in a giant fan.
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The hot part makes 15 % of the thrust, the fan makes 85%.
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This is why the Galaxy can fly 5 ,000 miles without refueling despite weighing more than a small building.
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Speaking of fuel, the Galaxy carries 51 ,750 gallons in 12 separate tanks.
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That's enough to fill your car's tank every week for 40 years.
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As fuel burns, the balance point shifts about 2 inches per hour.
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The flight engineer becomes a fuel juggler, moving thousands of gallons between tanks to keep the plane balanced.
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11 transfer pumps push fuel around like a circulatory system.
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Get it wrong and the plane becomes nose -heavy or tail -heavy.
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Neither is fun at 43 thousand feet.
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But despite all these massive fuel tanks, the Galaxy still needs pit stops at 40 ,000 feet if it wants to get all the way around the world.
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That's where this aircraft comes in.
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The KC -135 is basically a flying gas station that extends a boom and plugs into a receptacle above the cockpit.
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Fuel flows at 6 ,000 pounds per minute.
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During one refueling, The galaxy can take on 200 ,000 pounds of fuel, essentially doubling its weight while flying at 400 miles per hour.
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But keeping the aircraft fueled is the easy part.
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The hard part is controlling it.
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The hydraulic system that moves everything operates at pressures that could cut steel.
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The system uses titanium lines because steel tubes would burst under their own weight during hard turns.
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There are 1 ,200 feet of these titanium tubes snaking through the aircraft.
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Four separate hydraulic systems provide insane redundancy.
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Lose one?
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No problem.
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Lose two?
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Still flying.
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Lose three?
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You can still land, though the pilot will need new underwear.
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And that's where things get really interesting.
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After 11 hours crossing the Atlantic, the galaxy begins descending toward Poland from 41 ,000 feet.
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They've burned 550 ,000 pounds of fuel.
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That's 90 tons of weight gone, which completely changes the way the C5 flies.
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Landing weight is 540 ,000 pounds, still heavier than a fully loaded 747, but the galaxy feels almost sprightly, almost.
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The approach starts 150 miles out.
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The galaxy uses a 5 degree glide slope instead of the normal 3 degrees, coming down steeper because this much mass needs aggressive deceleration.
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Think of it like sledding down a hill.
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The heavier you are, the steeper angle you need to stop in time.
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At normal angles, the galaxy would need a 15 mile runway approach.
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At 10 miles out, the landing gear deployment begins.
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This isn't pushing a button and forgetting about it.
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28 wheels in 5 separate assemblies fight against 250 knot wind to extend.
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The landing gear door's opening sounds like someone ripping the roof off a barn.
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The drag immediately slows the plane by 20 knots.
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It's like throwing a parachute out the window.
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As the plane begins its approach, the pilot has to think differently because the main gear touches down 110 feet behind the cockpit.
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The pilot is essentially landing something they can't see, judging by how the runway looks through the windscreen when the invisible wheels far behind should touch.
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Crossing the runway threshold at 50 feet, the pilot pulls power and braces the nose.
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Those 24 main wheels kiss the concrete with 540 ,000 pounds of greeting.
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The nose stays airborne.
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The pilot actually flies it down to the runway rather than letting it drop.
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It's like doing a wheelie in reverse.
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The moment all wheels touched, organized chaos erupts.
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Eight spoiler panels pop up like giant hands catching wind, destroying 40 % of the wings lift instantly.
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Then comes the galaxy's signature stopping move thrust reversers deploy.
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These aren't just metal plates blocking the exhaust.
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The Galaxy uses cascade -type reversers, where dozens of curved vanes swing into the engine's bypass airflow,
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redirecting it forward through gill -like openings that appear in the engine nacelles.
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Picture trying to stop a boat by turning the motor around and gunning it in reverse.
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That's exactly what's happening here.
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The reversers redirect about 35 % of the engines thrust forward, creating 60 ,000 pounds of braking force.
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You can actually see the effect.
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Loose debris on the runway gets blown forward past the cockpit windows, the engines scream louder because they're fighting their own thrust,
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and the whole aircraft shudders as physics battles itself.
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Without these reversers, the Galaxy would need twice as much runway and the brakes would literally catch fire.
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Speaking of brakes, the carbon discs are absorbing 160 million foot -pounds of energy, enough to stop a freight train.
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The brake temperature reaches 2 ,000 degrees, hot enough to melt aluminum.
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Cooling fans will run for 45 minutes after landing, sounding like giant hair dryers trying to prevent the wheels from warping.
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The Galaxy uses 6 ,000 feet to stop, though everyone prefers 8 ,000 for comfort.
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Once parked, the whole loading process reverses the nose rises again, the galaxy opening its mouth after a satisfying meal.
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The plane kneels, and those Abrams tanks roll off into Poland, 14 hours after leaving the States.
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But despite the normal airfield here, the galaxy doesn't need perfect runways.
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Give it 5 ,000 feet of reasonably flat dirt and it's happy.
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It's landed on highways, desert strips, and arctic ice.
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While the other Other cargo planes need perfect conditions.
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The galaxy goes where it's needed, when it's needed three companies have tried building a replacement.
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All have failed.
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That's why the Air Force is spending $10 billion to keep these flying until 2040.
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New engines, digital cockpits, and strengthened wings.
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They're rebuilding aircraft older than most of their pilots because nothing else can do what the galaxy does.
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When you see that massive nose tilted skyward at an airbase, you're not looking at an airplane.
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You're looking at a world where distance defines possibility and the C5 Galaxy makes everywhere next door.
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Bye for now.
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このレッスンについて
このレッスンでは、「世界最大の軍用機の内部」というビデオを使って、英語の発音を良くする練習やスピーキング能力を向上させるためのshadow speech（シャドースピーチ）を行います。ビデオではC5ギャラクシーという飛行機の特徴や貨物の積み込み方法などが詳しく説明されています。その中で使われている専門用語や流暢な英語のリズムを学びながら、自然な発音とスピーキングのスキルを磨くことができます。
重要な語彙とフレーズ
- cargo bay：貨物室。ビデオでは「121フィートの連続した床面積がある」と説明されています。
- center of gravity：重心。「重心が特定の範囲内にある必要があり、そうでないと飛行できない」と重要なポイントで使われています。
- tie-down rings：固定リング。「それぞれが小型ヨットを保持できるほど強い」と説明されています。
- kneeling capability：膝を曲げる機能。飛行機が貨物を積み込むために床を下げる機能を指します。
- turbulence：乱気流。「乱気流は9倍の重力を引くことがある」と危険性を説明する際に使われています。
練習のヒント
このビデオの英語は比較的速いスピードで、専門用語も多いですが、shadow speech（シャドースピーチ）の練習に最適です。まずはビデオを何度か聞きながら、発音のリズムとアクセントを覚えてください。特に「the galaxy's nose is not just a cargo door」のような長い文は、途中で息を継ぐ位置を覚えることが重要です。
英語の発音を良くするためには、口の形を意識的に大きくすることも効果的です。「hydraulics」や「turbulence」などの難しい単語は、一文字ずつ発音してから繋げて言ってみましょう。また、shadow speakの練習時には、ビデオのスピーカーと同じ速さで話すことを目指しますが、最初はゆっくりでも大丈夫です。何度も繰り返すことで、自然にスピードが上がり、発音もきれいになります。
英語スピーキング練習の際は、「重心のバランス」や「貨物の固定方法」などの内容を自分の言葉で説明してみることもおすすめです。これにより、語彙を使いこなす能力とスピーキングの流暢さが向上します。shadowspeakの練習を継続することで、あなたの英語力は確実に上達します！
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している | have gone · have been · They've burned |
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | is covered · is designed · isn't connected |
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。