シャドーイング練習: Introduction to Housing - City Beautiful Basics - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
練習モードを選ぶ
各モードは全画面の練習ルームで開きます。
174 文
文が短すぎたり長すぎる場合は、Editをタップして調整してください。
1
When I was a kid,
2
I learned that the three things a human needed were food, clothing, and shelter.
3
Shelter, or housing, is still as essential as ever.
4
Yet we seem to have a hard time providing enough high-quality affordable housing to everyone who needs it.
5
We have people who sleep on the streets without it,
6
and people who live with their parents unable to afford their own.
7
This video will discuss several important facets on the topic of housing.
8
We'll touch on home ownership, housing affordability, and homelessness.
9
Let's get started after the bike bell.
10
Let's start by talking about homeownership.
11
The United States is currently a nation of homeowners.
12
About 65% of households own the home they currently live in.
13
That figure isn't true everywhere.
14
College towns often have higher rates of renting than owning due to all the student rentals.
15
But in general, more households own than rent.
16
This is in part due to cultural reasons.
17
Our country has attributed certain values to homeownership,
18
like stability and family, but also for more practical ones.
19
Once a household pays off their home loan,
20
they don't have to pay for that housing anymore,
21
same for taxes and insurance.
22
That's a nice benefit.
23
They also don't have a landlord telling them they can't paint their walls.
24
Finally, homeownership is the primary form of wealth accumulation in the United States.
25
For many, homes are an investment.
26
Renting has its perks too.
27
You won't be burdened by expensive repairs to your home,
28
as your landlord has to take care of that.
29
And it makes your housing situation more flexible if you need to move frequently.
30
and owners tend to have different needs, interests, and demographics.
31
Homeowners are disproportionately wealthy and white.
32
And because there are more homeowners in the US,
33
they tend to have a lot more political power locally.
34
This is part of the reason communities across the United States are dealing with the Not-In-My-Backyard movement, or NIMBYism.
35
Homeowners are concerned about their property values,
36
and it's such an important form of wealth accumulation,
37
they're nervous about any change to their neighborhood that could lower their property values.
38
Now, this is not true for all homeowners everywhere,
39
but I need to bring this up as nimbyism is an extremely powerful movement in local government.
40
Renters, on the other hand,
41
tend to be lower income, more diverse, and younger.
42
Their needs aren't always given the same consideration as homeowners.
43
This is even true at the level of federal housing policy.
44
In the United States, we have federal government policies that assist people with both owning and renting,
45
though it's generally a better deal to be a homeowner.
46
That's because the federal government offers the mortgage interest deduction.
47
This allows homeowners to deduct the amount they pay on mortgage interest from their taxable income,
48
which means they pay less in taxes.
49
It's really a very good deal,
50
and that means that the government forgoes billions of dollars every year,
51
essentially a giveaway to homeowners.
52
There is no such thing as a rent deduction for renters.
53
Low-income renters have a few programs aimed at them,
54
and the most important are housing choice vouchers.
55
These are sometimes known by their old name Section 8 vouchers.
56
Very low-income households can apply for them,
57
and they provide additional money to help pay for the rent on a home.
58
Households still have to pay 30% of their income toward rent.
59
This program has helped millions of households find housing,
60
and the waiting list for this program can get very long.
61
They're getting even longer these days because housing is increasingly unaffordable.
62
Not too long ago, this was a crisis that only existed in major cities,
63
particularly those in coastal cities.
64
Today, it's spreading all over the map.
65
Even those who can afford a house find it challenging to manage the payments.
66
In my home state of California,
67
4 in 10 households live in unaffordable housing.
68
This means that those households are spending more than 30% of their income on their place.
69
It's even worse for renters when compared to owners.
70
More than half of renter households paid over 30% of their income toward housing in 2017.
71
And more than a quarter of renters paid over half their incomes toward housing,
72
a position the Department of Housing and Urban Development considers severely cost-burdened.
73
How did U.S cities get into this crisis?
74
Well, like many issues facing local governments,
75
the answer is complicated and multifaceted.
76
Some of the causes are structural or at the nationwide level,
77
out of the reach of local policy intervention.
78
This includes wages that have not grown as fast as housing costs have,
79
increasing the affordability gap.
80
But there are things governments can do to get out of the crisis,
81
because sometimes the crisis is due in part to local policy decisions.
82
Right now, there's simply not enough new housing being constructed in the United States to keep with population growth and urbanization,
83
the process of people moving into urban areas.
84
There are a few reasons for this.
85
First, people may not want to live next to more housing or higher density housing.
86
In many cities, upwards of 90% of the land area is zoned for single-family homes.
87
Zoning is the practice of assigning land uses and intensities to parcels in a city.
88
Most land in cities is meant for the exclusive production of single-family homes.
89
This is not an efficient use of land,
90
as we see more people moving to cities.
91
And residents of these Most of these single family neighborhoods often
92
do not want to see their zoning change to allow for more housing nearby.
93
This is due in part to something I mentioned earlier in the video, property values.
94
Residents worry that increasing the zoning intensity and housing nearby will have a negative impact on their property values,
95
harming their long-term investment.
96
That said, cities
97
and states across the US are making strides to allow for the construction of more market rate and affordable housing.
98
There's no easy answer, and most communities are using a variety of approaches to attack the problem from all sides.
99
Here are a few key strategies.
100
The first is allowing accessory dwelling in as an area zoned for single-family housing.
101
These are small, attached or detached homes on the same property as a primary residence.
102
These ADUs can be affordable housing,
103
particularly because they're small, and can provide an additional revenue source for the family living in the primary residence.
104
If ADUs, as they're known,
105
are built throughout all the land zoned for single-family,
106
it can significantly increase the number of available housing units.
107
The best thing about these new small homes is they really don't change the character of the neighborhoods.
108
They're often out of sight in backyards,
109
and most neighborhoods have sufficient curbside parking to accommodate the new residents.
110
On a similar topic, cities can encourage the construction of missing middle housing.
111
Missing middle housing is called that because it's housing bigger than an apartment
112
but smaller than a full-size house and is often not built at all in US cities.
113
ADUs are one example of missing middle housing,
114
but so too are duplexes, triplexes, fourplexes, and townhomes.
115
Families today come in all different sizes,
116
and having a wide variety of housing types ensures the right fit for everyone.
117
If you're a single person living alone,
118
a 2,000 square foot single family house may may not be appealing,
119
but you might buy it anyway because you want to build equity and take advantage of those wealthy accumulation benefits,
120
even if you hate the idea of mowing a lawn.
121
You might have purchased a townhouse instead with a modest patio out back if that had been an option.
122
And as a bonus, townhomes and other missing middle housing are a more efficient use of land,
123
allowing more people to live closer to jobs,
124
schools, parks, and other amenities.
125
To make missing middle housing happen,
126
we have to zone more land for higher density housing,
127
lower parking requirements, and possibly incentivize construction.
128
There's one last strategy I want to mention in this video,
129
and I want to be clear again that there are so many strategies that I can't mention them all,
130
like allowing sneakers to stay or apartment buildings,
131
allowing owners to split their lots,
132
funding public housing programs, and more.
133
But the last thing I wanted to mention was mixed-use housing.
134
This means zoning more land in our cities for housing to coexist with shops,
135
restaurants, dentist offices, and other compatible uses.
136
This often looks like an apartment building like this.
137
Commercial uses on the ground floor,
138
and a few floors of housing above.
139
This allows people to walk more to their daily destinations,
140
which can reduce emissions and traffic.
141
Many cities have areas zoned for mixed use,
142
but they're only found in the central business districts or near high frequency transit stations.
143
Expanding mixed use zones allows for more housing construction and helps create pleasant walkable neighborhoods.
144
Cities need to encourage the construction of more housing as soon as possible
145
because people in poverty are experiencing the worst of its effects,
146
and many are becoming homeless.
147
It's a myth that all homeless people are addicted to a substance or mentally ill.
148
Increasingly, it's people who can't find housing they can afford.
149
This can be due to an eviction,
150
rising rents, family strife, or some other reason.
151
Some of the homelessness is invisible to us,
152
the person sleeping in their car,
153
or couch surfing between friends and relatives.
154
What can be done?
155
Well, the first one is obvious, build more affordable housing.
156
More available housing will likely lower rents,
157
making housing more attainable to low-income people.
158
One of the most cost-effective ways of addressing homelessness is helping those people who are housing insecure.
159
Now, these are people paying a majority of their income on rent,
160
experiencing overcrowding or can't make rent on a regular basis.
161
One of the most important things we can do for this
162
group is expand the Housing Choice Voucher program I mentioned earlier in the video.
163
It would help people receive a reliable source of rental assistance.
164
This program works well, but is underfunded for the need,
165
particularly in this crisis.
166
Back in 2013, only 26% of eligible households received assistance,
167
and this is likely worse today.
168
Of course, communities should have homeless shelters to temporarily house those experiencing homelessness.
169
But shelters are a short-term solution,
170
and communities should develop pathways to get people in stable, longer-term housing.
171
This can include transitional housing,
172
a halfway step between a short-term shelter and permanent, affordable housing.
173
People experiencing domestic violence or mental illness may need separate transitional housing to support their particular needs.
174
Thank you.
アプリをダウンロード
流暢に話すために必要なすべて
AI発音採点文ごとに採点
IPA練習すべての音をマスター
単語学習自分の単語帳を作る
単語ゲーム遊びながら覚える
同じチャンネル
FOR YOU
おすすめ動画
B25
156 文
B2 Advanced English: Discussion and Debate: Rent or Own?
Business EnglishDaily ConversationHigh School Students
B2155 文
80% of Interior Design Basics in 10 minutes
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B2371
20 文
Urbanisation and the growth of global cities
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B26
90 文
A Low Maintenance Life | The Art of Simple Living
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B22
166 文
The 'Luxury Poverty' Trap, Explained
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B23
114 文
Realities Of Rural Homeownership | What City Life Didn't Prepare Me For
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C11
228 文
Architect Breaks Down 5 of the Most Common New York Apartments | Architectural Digest
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B11
16 文
TOPIC 2 Housing 2 #opic
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B29
42 文
Inside Hong Kong’s cage homes
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B26
44 文
Is Renting Better Than Buying In The U.S.?
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B21
112 文
Why Americans REFUSE to Dry Clothes Outside
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B23
380 文
1955 vs 2025, who actually had it better?
American AccentDaily ConversationWorking Adults
このビデオで話す練習をする理由
このビデオは、アメリカにおける住宅の所有、賃貸、ホームレス問題についての重要なテーマを扱っています。この内容は、特に社会問題に対する理解を深めるために役立ちます。英語を学ぶ際に、実際の生活に密接に関連したトピックを通じて話す練習をすることは非常に重要です。このビデオでは、アメリカの住宅事情を知ることで、話す内容が豊かになり、英語スキルが向上します。このようなリアルな内容を使って英語シャドーイングを行うことで、リスニングとスピーキング能力が同時に鍛えられます。
文法と表現の文脈
- 所有の文化的価値:「私たちの国は、所有に特定の価値を置いてきました」という表現は、当たり前のように使用されがちな文化的概念を示しています。この文脈で「place value」という表現を学ぶことができます。
- 条件節:「もしあなたが頻繁に引っ越す必要があれば」という文には条件節が含まれています。これは、話し手が状況に応じた選択肢を提供する際に便利です。
- 対比の表現:「所有者と賃貸者のニーズは異なる」という対比を示すことで、相対的な理解を深めることができます。こうした構文は、議論を明確にするための重要な表現です。
一般的な発音のトラップ
ビデオ内のいくつかの単語やフレーズは、特に発音が難しいものがあります。「homeownership」や「NIMBYism」などの専門用語は、最初は複雑に感じるかもしれません。これらの言葉を繰り返し練習することで、発音を改善し、流暢さを増すことができます。
また、アメリカ英語の特有のアクセントにも注意が必要です。「affordability」や「community」などの単語は、強弱が異なるため、意識することで正確に発音できるようになります。これらの発音練習は、IELTS スピーキング対策にも役立ちます。
このビデオを通して、具体的な社会問題に取り組むことで、自分の意見を英語で表現する機会を増やし、スピーキングスキルを向上させましょう。ぜひ、ビデオを何度も視聴して、shadow speechのテクニックを活用してください！
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | won't be burdened · aren't always given · are sometimes known |
| 関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加える | everyone who needs · people who sleep · people who live |
| 現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している | has attributed · has helped · have not grown |
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。