シャドーイング練習: Our Minds Are Weirder than You Think - YouTubeで英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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You exist in a truly secret place nobody but you can enter: Your mind.
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You exist in a truly secret place nobody but you can enter: Your mind.
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When we say mind we mean the place where you, whatever you are, exist.
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It's the totality of your inner world, the location of your consciousness and memories, the toolset of your intelligence.
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It’s the place where all of your wants, thoughts and emotions happen, where you think, learn, dream and imagine things – consciously and unconsciously.
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Your mind is truly your own, a universe only directly accessible and inhabited by you – and inaccessible to anyone else in the universe.
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And your mind is probably unique to you.
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Probably, because how would we know if two minds are the same?
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What do you see when you imagine an apple?
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A detailed scenery, a crisp image with clear details and colour?
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Is the apple hanging in a void?
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Can you rotate it?
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Is it a 2D shape?
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Is it colorless or transparent or very vague?
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Or don’t you see anything at all but feel what an apple feels like to you?
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Maybe a weird mix?
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Do you have an internal voice that narrates your life?
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Do you have an inner monologue?
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Is there silence inside your mind?
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Do you only hear voices when you read?
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Or do you process thoughts nonverbally or even just feel the world around you?
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It is a bit stunning how many variations of inner universes humans have and how different our minds must be.
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Humans have arguably the most complex minds on earth but today it is widely accepted that minds are not exclusive to us.
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There are trillions of animal minds out in the world, uncountable little secret universes, forever locked to us.
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And by looking at them and their evolution we may be able to learn why our minds are as stunning as they are today.
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A pretty wild idea is that minds might have originally evolved to control your movements.
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To create a gap between all of your sensory input, and your motor output, how you react to information by moving your body.
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A Tool To Deal with the World When life emerged it was without any minds but just cells, able to eat, poop and reproduce.
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They already had to navigate a complex and dangerous world and to process sensory input – but they were extremely inflexible.
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If a cell had the inner state “hungry” and sensed “food” it automatically moved in that direction – or it flapped around randomly until it ran into a meal by accident.
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This worked well enough for billions of years and still does.
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But as life exploded in complexity and became multicellular, cells began to dedicate themselves to processing information.
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The first very simple “minds” emerged: little more than tiny gaps.
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Virtual spaces in which sensory information could be processed for a short moment before these early animals had to react.
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Roundworms only have 302 neurons in total, yet they are already able to learn things like “this thing is bad” and retain a memory that changes behavior for a few hours before they forget again.
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Minds on this level most likely don’t reason or think, but use simple rules that work well in their environments.
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Scientists still debate whether this counts as mind or are still just preprogrammed automated reflexes.
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With more neurons, animals can “freeze” before they act.
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Process and interpret information and make decisions for what is the best option at that moment.
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This is arguably where a true inner space, a mind begins to emerge.
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And some insects may have something like it, like our buddy the bee.
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With a brain smaller than a sesame seed and about one million neurons, a bee has a much larger mind gap.
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And it is filled with information about the world.
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It builds and remembers a huge mental map of flowers over square kilometers of terrain, cross referencing it with the position of the sun to find its way.
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Bees can take shortcuts, so they can’t be simply following reflexes but are actually navigating their internal maps.
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In extreme cases when resources are scarce, bees can move up to 10km from their hives to collect food – the equivalent of going from Paris to Rome for groceries.
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And they teach the location of the food by dancing.
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Minds have emerged a few times in evolutionary history and evolved in different directions, so while we are telling this story by increasing complexity, in reality minds are more like a weird mix of different experiments, depending on what niches the animals fill.
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If your mind wants to experiment with a business idea, our partner Odoo has got you covered.
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Odoo is an all-in-one management software that helps you run your business every day.
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Every business idea starts simple, but things can get complex fast.
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That’s where Odoo comes in: with more than 45 user-friendly apps, you can handle everything from accounting and inventory to CRM and much more – all centralized on a single platform.
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For example, you can create and send invoices in seconds: just select your customer, add your products and quantities, define the billing terms, and send everything via email.
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Plus, the built-in chatter gives you an overview of your emails, notes and activities – all in one place.
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Tracking your payments, with clear statuses and deadlines, is just as simple.
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You can try all these features for free – because your first Odoo app is free forever, with unlimited support and hosting included.
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When you’re ready to scale up, Odoo adapts to your needs – you can simply add more apps.
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And you get access to all applications starting at just $24.90 a month.
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With Odoo, your business mind knows no limits.
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And now back to the video!
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Mind complexity probably increases dramatically as we add more neurons, like the octopus that has about 500 million of them.
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Only 40% of their neurons are in their central brain, while each of their arms has their own mini nerve centers that taste, process information locally at the same time and act on their own.
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The central brain does still coordinate them for complex behavior, like catching prey, because imagine 8 arms doing their own thing all the time.
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But different arms are specialized and used primarily for different tasks, like exploring or movement.
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And we know their arms can make decisions independently to some degree and have some autonomy.
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Octopuses are very intelligent animals, able to do loads of complex things, so their minds should be somewhat complex.
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But how does their mind experience things?
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Is it distributed over their whole body?
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Does an Octopus feel like multiple smaller minds interacting as one thing?
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If octopuses show how strange minds can be, birds show how sophisticated they can become if it develops in a different direction.
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Some bird species with billions of neurons probably have surprisingly sophisticated minds, where they can go one step further: While minds may have started as a gap to delay action, bird minds are able to simulate a map of reality, including other players.
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Scrub Jays are hoarders that catch and hide all sorts of food in different places, from worms to nuts.
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Inside their mind they keep track of time and are aware that fresh food goes bad.
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So after a few days have passed they will ignore the hiding places of dead worms and instead go for the nuts that are still good.
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Probably more impressive, they might be able to simulate the minds of other birds – If a scrub jay is hiding food and notices another jay watching, they will return later and re-hide their stash so it doesn’t get stolen.
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Which is a perfect transition to what makes the minds of humans so special: While we are probably not the only animals that can simulate other minds inside our mind – humans with our 86 billion neurons have taken it to extraordinary depths.
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The Internal Universe When humans are born they are cute but selfish blobs of meat, solely focused on their own needs.
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But around 18–24 months a baby becomes able to recognise itself in a mirror.
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It realizes that something that seems to be “other” is actually itself – which is usually a delightful experience for the human larvae.
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But it is also the first step of a powerful realization: You are not just an observer in the world – there are also others that can observe you.
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You see and you are seen.
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And if you are seen… well then you can’t just behave egoistically all the time – because you need the goodwill of others to stay alive.
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We humans are not just simulating other minds in our minds.
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We simulate minds, simulating minds.
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We think about what others think.
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We think about what they think about us thinking about what they think.
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And so on. There are a lot of layers.
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This awareness of the minds of others may be one of the origins of our moral conscience and a huge reason why we are able to live in large societies, with other humans we are not related to.
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And may have spawned one of our most charming obsessions: storytelling.
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We don’t just remember that an event happened, we imagine what the people that were part of it were thinking, what we think they should have been thinking, what might have happened if they acted and thought differently.
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Combined with our ability to create fictional universes to plan ahead we have created countless fictional worlds, with people that don’t exist but that we deeply relate to.
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That are real to us.
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Every movie, novel or comic is humans sharing their internal simulations with each other.
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Whether you see a photorealistic apple in your mind or feel the concept of an apple, in the storytelling space we are all able to come together and understand each other.
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This is how we transport information about morality and our values, about what we think is good or bad.
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So maybe the most amazing thing about human minds is that they're fundamentally social - filled with voices, ideas, and perspectives from countless others.
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Your thoughts and feelings have been shaped by stories that never happened but that you've absorbed and simulated in your mind in a way that is unique to you.
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In a very real sense, your secret mind isn't just yours, but a collaborative creation between you and all the human minds that came before.
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And if you want you can add your stories as well.
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For the ones that come after.
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Our latest Limited Edition Pin is here – kicking off the new Cosmic Time Collection.
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It’s an homage to Halley’s Comet, the cosmic traveler that has been visiting Earth for millennia.
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It only returns around every 75 years but we captured it in a super sparkly, rotating pin.
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Only 10,000 exist, and each one is individually numbered.
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Wear it to complete your outfit, add it to your collection, or make it the first piece of a brand new one.
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Over the years we’ve created quite a tradition of these tiny sculptures – and you’ve loved collecting them.
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So we decided to take it one step further.
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Meet the first ever kurzgesagt figurines – small collectible scenes from the kurzgesagt universe.
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If you’ve been around the channel for a while, these might look a little familiar.
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Mission Control, meet Duck – always ready for another trip through space.
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Never stare directly into a deadly ray from space – this birb learned the hard way.
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And whatever you do… never press the big red button.
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Get one – or all of them – for your desk, bookshelf, or honestly … your life in general.
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We had a blast designing them, packing each one with love and tiny details.
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Head over to our shop, we’ve put together a few deals for you.
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Get your special piece of kurzgesagt now.
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Shadowing English
モバイルデバイスで利用できるようになりました。今すぐダウンロード！
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このレッスンについて
このレッスンでは、自分自身の心の独自性や、様々な思考プロセスについて考え、その理解を深めることに重点を置いています。思考や感情、記憶がどのように私たちの行動に影響を与えるかについて探求します。この内容を通じて、英語を使ったコミュニケーションを向上させるための手助けを行います。具体的には、英語の発音を良くすることを目指し、またIELTSスピーキング対策においても役立つスキルを身に付けます。
重要な語彙とフレーズ
- 心 (mind) - 人間の意識や思考が存在する場所。
- 内部の世界 (inner world) - それぞれの人が持つ独自の思考や感情の空間。
- 記憶 (memory) - 過去の経験を保持する能力。
- 感覚入力 (sensory input) - 周囲の情報を受け取る過程。
- 判断 (decision-making) - 情報を処理し、行動を選択する能力。
- 内面的な声 (internal voice) - 自分の思考を声に出さずに感じること。
- 記憶を保持する (retain a memory) - 経験から学び、記憶を維持すること。
練習ヒント
このビデオのスピードとトーンに合わせて英語シャドーイングを行う際には、以下のポイントに注意してみましょう。
- 音声を繰り返す (shadow speech) - ビデオの内容を聞きながら、そのまま声に出してみてください。同じトーン、リズムで発音することが重要です。
- 自分のペースで始める - 初めはゆっくりとしたスピードで練習し、慣れてきたら徐々に元のスピードに近づけていきましょう。
- 意識して感情を乗せる - 心の動きや感情を表現するために、声の抑揚を使い分けてみてください。
- フレーズを分析する - 特に重要なフレーズや語彙はメモを取り、繰り返し練習することで、より自然な発音を習得することができます。
- 聞き返して確認する - 自分の練習の録音を聞き返し、発音やイントネーションを確認しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。