シャドーイング練習: The Pyramids of GIZA - B1 - Learn English Through Short Stories - YouTubeで英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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The Pyramids of Giza Egypt is in the north of Africa, and people have been living there for thousands of years.
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The Pyramids of Giza Egypt is in the north of Africa, and people have been living there for thousands of years.
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It has become well known for its ancient culture and famous monuments.
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Probably the most famous and amazing of these monuments are the pyramids of Giza and the surrounding structures.
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When they were first built, they were surrounded by desert.
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The boundaries of greater Cairo have moved closer and closer so that Giza, a suburb of Cairo, now sits right on the edge of this ancient site.
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Instead of being surrounded by desert, one side of the pyramids now faces modern restaurants, shops, and homes.
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In 1979, the Pyramids of Giza and other ancient ruins in Egypt were listed as World Heritage Sites.
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The Pyramids of Giza are part of a site that contains many different structures.
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There are three main pyramids plus several smaller ones, cemeteries, temples, and the Great Sphinx.
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As archaeologists continue their research, more and more amazing pieces of Egypt's history are being uncovered.
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Even in ancient times, people were fascinated by the pyramids of Giza.
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The biggest of them, the Great Pyramid, is the only structure still standing from a collection of monuments
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named by ancient Greeks as the seven wonders of the ancient world.
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Herodotus, a Greek historian, visited Egypt about two and a half thousand years ago.
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He wrote about the Great Pyramid of Giza in a history book.
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His Egyptian guides told him that it took twenty years to build the Great Pyramid.
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He was also told that it took as many as 100,000 slaves to build it.
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Of course, what makes the pyramids so incredible is that they were built before the introduction of modern technology.
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The ancient Egyptians did not have the kind of equipment that we use today, but their building techniques were very advanced.
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The pyramids of Giza were built many thousands of years ago.
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Explorers, archaeologists, and scientists have been discovering their secrets for centuries.
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The Great Pyramid is thought to have been built for King Khufu.
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Behind this pyramid stands the pyramid of King Khafre, who was the son of Khufu.
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Behind the pyramid of King Khafre stands the pyramid of King Menkaure, who was the son of Khafre.
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The three main pyramids at the ancient site of Giza are
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thought to have served as tombs for the kings after they had died.
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Kings in ancient Egypt were called pharaohs and were also considered to be gods.
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Along with these three main pyramids, there are eight other much smaller ones.
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Four are next to the Great Pyramid of Giza.
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Three of these are believed to have been built for King Khufu's queens.
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The ruins of the fourth, smaller pyramid are a mystery because no one is sure what its purpose was.
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The pyramid of King Khafre also has the ruins of a smaller pyramid next to it.
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The remaining three sit next to King Menkaure's pyramid.
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They are thought to have been built for his three wives.
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The cemeteries near these pyramids contain tombs of varying sizes and styles.
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The tombs were used for members of the royal court and high officials, as well as local workers.
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The temples found within the site are believed to have been used for rituals and ceremonies connected with the burial process.
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Several boat pits have also been found near the Great Pyramid.
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The pieces of one of the boats have been removed from its pit and rebuilt.
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It now sits in a special museum next to the pyramid.
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Finally, the Great Sphinx sits in front of the pyramid of King Khafre, and is believed by some to be the guardian of the area.
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The Great Sphinx is one of the largest sculptures to have ever been carved out of one piece of rock.
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Its body is that of a lion, and its face is that of a man.
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But there is debate as to which pharaoh's face was used as a model.
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The largest of the structures at Giza is the Great Pyramid.
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Some researchers say that the Great Pyramid is at least 10,000 years old.
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More modern research and testing, however, have made some researchers believe it is somewhere between 4,500 and 5,000 years old.
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The original height of the Great Pyramid is estimated to have been around 147 meters.
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But due to its outer layers having been stripped away, it now stands at about 138 meters.
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It was also considered the tallest building in the world until the 14th century when Lincoln Cathedral in England was built.
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The Great Pyramid is about 230 meters long along each of its four sides.
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It was positioned so that it almost precisely faces north, south, east, and west.
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High priests, some of whom were also astronomers, helped to decide the position of the Great Pyramid.
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When deciding the position of a pyramid, it is thought that these priests considered its position in relation to sacred stars.
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The Great Pyramid of Giza is made up of about 2.3 million blocks of stone.
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Each one of the blocks that was used to build it weighs about 2.5 tons on average.
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Centuries of exploration inside the Great Pyramid has revealed some of its secrets.
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It has three main chambers and several passages.
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One of the chambers is underground and carved into the rock in the ground.
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The other two are above ground and are known as the Queen's Chamber and the King's Chamber.
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The Queen's Chamber was named by early explorers who thought the Queen's body was placed there.
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However, scientists have proven that this chamber was never meant to keep the body of one of Khufu's wives.
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It is now thought
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that the chamber was meant to house a special religious statue of the King himself and other funeral gifts.
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The King's Chamber is placed the highest of the three chambers inside the pyramid.
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It still holds the granite coffin of King Khufu, which was found empty without its lid.
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Nobody has managed to find this huge lid.
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One of the main passages is known as the Grand Gallery.
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It is a large stone tunnel that leads to the king's chamber.
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A descending passage leads to the underground chamber.
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There is also a passage that leads downward from the entrance of the Grand Gallery.
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When it was first discovered in the 17th century, it was blocked by a lot of debris.
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The debris was finally cleaned out in the 19th century, which showed it was connected to the descending passage.
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Some experts say that the pyramid was never meant to be used as a tomb.
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They think that the structure was meant to serve as a place from which to look at the stars at night.
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Most archaeologists, however, agree that the Great Pyramid of Giza was the largest of all the tombs ever built for a pharaoh.
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During Egypt's old kingdom, the Egyptians had a good government.
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The pyramids were a symbol of their power and religious beliefs.
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Ancient Egyptians believed that when the Pharaoh died, he became the king of the dead.
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So he had to be buried in a way that would keep him happy in the afterlife.
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They also believed that it was important to take good care of the Pharaoh's dead body.
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If they did not, then the dead pharaoh would be unable to carry out his duties properly as king of the dead.
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It was believed that Egypt would suffer a terrible disaster if this happened.
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In order to stop any disaster from happening, all dead pharaohs had their bodies made into mummies and then placed in a tomb.
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Everything a pharaoh would need in the afterlife was also placed in the tomb.
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This would include things made of clay, stone, and gold.
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They even placed things such as furniture, food, and figures of the pharaoh's servants inside the tomb.
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There is still a great mystery surrounding the Great Pyramid and the king's treasures.
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Some experts believe that King Khufu's mummy and treasures were stolen.
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There are other experts, though, who do not believe thieves were ever able to get into the Great Pyramid.
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One question still remains.
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Where are Khufu's mummy and treasures?
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Nobody knows where these are.
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Some people believe that they are still buried somewhere inside the Great Pyramid.
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People are still searching.
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With the help of modern technology, specially designed robots are being used to look in places that humans cannot.
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New stone blocks, which are thought to be like doors, have been found.
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Discoveries like this keep the theories alive that there are areas inside the Great Pyramid still to be found.
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Many different kinds of people were involved in the construction of the pyramids.
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Some think that the pyramids were built by slaves, but this has been proven to be wrong.
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The pyramid builders were neither slaves nor foreigners.
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Archaeologists have found skeletons that show that the pyramid builders were Egyptians.
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Some of them were permanent employees of the pharaoh, but others only worked for a limited time.
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Some are also thought to have been women.
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No drawings of women builders have been found, but female skeletons were.
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They show that the women worked with heavy items such as stones.
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The people building the pyramids lived in nearby villages that were quite sophisticated.
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In these ancient villages, there were bakeries, butcher shops, storage buildings for grain, and cemeteries.
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There were even shops where drinks like beer and wine were made.
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Bakeries found near the pyramids may have once produced thousands of loaves of bread every week.
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It is also thought that there was some sort of medical care available.
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because there is evidence of workers surviving serious injuries.
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There is even ancient graffiti.
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The graffiti, for example, Friends of Khufu, suggests that workers were proud of their work and named their teams.
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The graffiti was written in hieroglyphics, which was a unique writing system used in ancient Egypt.
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It used pictures to represent particular sounds or objects that were very common at that time.
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Experts have learned how to read many of these pictures, and so they were able to find out the meaning of the graffiti.
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Modern theories estimate as many as 30,000 workers were used to
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build the three main pyramids of Giza over a period of approximately 80 years.
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It is also thought that most of the work took place while the Nile River was flooded.
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Huge stone blocks could then have been floated from quarries upriver right to the actual base of the pyramids.
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However, recent discoveries of quarries near the pyramids have made some researchers think the quarries were not miles upriver.
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It took much more than physical labor to build the Great Pyramid and other pyramids in Egypt.
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It took a lot of intelligence, too.
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It is thought that ancient architects managed to build perfect pyramid shapes by putting ropes at each corner
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and then pulling the ropes up to form a point.
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Every single person, from the poorest worker to the high priests, knew their place in the order of things.
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They also understood that continuing the life and death cycle of the pharaohs was good luck for Egypt.
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Many theories about the origins of the pyramids of Giza have emerged over time.
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The most widely accepted theory among experts is that the ancient Egyptians built their own monuments.
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One of the stronger theories to challenge this is that the pyramids were built by a long-lost civilization.
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It is thought that this civilization was destroyed by some enormous disaster around 10,000 BC.
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Those who doubt that the ancient Egyptians had the technical knowledge and ability to build the pyramids raise some interesting points.
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They point out that there is nothing in Egypt
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that shows how the ancient Egyptians could have developed such amazing skills that allowed them to build the pyramids of Giza.
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Some also say that the pyramids built after those of Giza were not as good.
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This perhaps will remain one of the biggest puzzles of the pyramids for many more years.
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The pyramids of Giza continue to attract many experts, archaeologists, and tourists.
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Perhaps one day someone will be able to find out the truth.
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シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。