シャドーイング練習: Top 5 Product Manager Interview Questions & How to Answer - YouTubeで英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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If you're trying to get a job as a product manager,
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If you're trying to get a job as a product manager,
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you must have prepared for these top five most asked questions.
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In this video, I'm going to share some tips with you on the framework on how to tackle these questions,
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some sample questions, and mistakes that you want to avoid.
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So these are specifically product case interview type questions.
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So the first of most commonly asked question is the favorite product question.
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And that sounds like, what is your favorite product and how would you improve it?
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And here's the six step framework you want to use to tackle this question.
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The first, you want to identify a software product,
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a hardware product, or a physical product.
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So some examples of my favorite for software are apps like Too Good To Go for You Foodies,
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or hardware products like my robo-vac or the dishwasher
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because i cook a lot and the dishwasher has saved me
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so many times or a physical product like the back scratcher
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so you can choose any of those three products you can
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even ask the interviewer to specify do they want you to
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choose one in any of the three domains a common question
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that i get from my clients is what What product should I pick?
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I would say pick a product that you actively told friends about,
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because that means you've loved it enough to tell other people.
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And this can either be a product that's more well known like Uber,
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maybe you are obsessed with the Uber app,
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or one that's a bit more niche.
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So for example, my favorite product as someone who's really into fitness
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that I've told tons of friends about is one called FitOn,
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a fitness app that was just saved me during COVID.
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So step number two, talk about the main goal of this product.
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What is it trying to accomplish?
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Step three, you want to talk about the users.
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Usually most products have two sides of the ecosystem or more.
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Step four, you want to talk about how this product specifically helps users accomplish the product goal.
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Step five is talking about pain points.
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And here you want to start actively answering the second part of the question,
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how would you improve this?
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And it starts with identifying,
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well, what are things that suck with the product today?
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So talk about some things that are really painful.
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And the last step is to come up with solutions that solve for those pain points.
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I covered this question in much more depth in this video that I'll link above,
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covering, I told you, my favorite product,
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the Too Good To Go app.
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Mistakes that you want to avoid.
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I remember in college when I got this question interviewing with Yahoo,
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I started blabbing on about the product that I liked
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and things that I random assortment of things that I think they should fix.
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That is not what a great answer sounds like.
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They're not asking you to rant about your favorite product.
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Instead, they're asking for a structured and strategic viewpoint on the product.
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So you might be wondering,
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well, what are they actually testing for?
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two things.
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Number one, they're testing your strategic thinking.
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Things like, can you think big picture?
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Can you understand goals?
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Can you discuss trade-offs?
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When making decisions, do you start with a criteria that's logical?
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The second thing they're testing for is product design.
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Can you empathize with users and design a great user experience with minimum friction?
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Can you create delightful experiences that users feel like there's a wow factor to your product?
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The second most asked question is the product improvement question.
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And it sounds something like,
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how would you improve a product like Spotify?
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How would you improve Google Maps?
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And the framework for this is kind of similar to the one we just talked about,
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except they're giving you a specific product rather than asking you to think about a product.
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So here, I actually recommend using the same framework as the one we just talked about above.
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So what are some mistakes to avoid?
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So some common questions I get about this question is,
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well, what if I'm not familiar with the product that they're asking me about?
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Your first attempt is to try to take a best guess.
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Sometimes the name of the product is exactly what it is.
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Other times it's not super clear.
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For example, if someone was in a country where Spotify was not well known,
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it'd be hard to guess that it was a music app.
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So for those, you have no choice but to ask the interviewer,
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can you tell me a little bit more about the product?
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I'm not super familiar.
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But note, if you're in the US and you're not familiar or had never heard of a product like Spotify,
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I don't know how well that's going to look on your behalf.
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So make sure to study up the top 10,
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20 most downloaded apps out there.
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You might even ask the interviewer,
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can I take a look at the product in real time on my phone?
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What should you avoid for these questions?
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Avoid, similar to the last one,
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ranting about features that you would wish this product has.
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Instead you want to think strategically about what the product is trying to accomplish for its target users
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and solutions given those pain points make sure that those pain points are generalizable to a larger population than just yourself.
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This video was originally going to cover the top 10 most asked questions,
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but that would probably take more than 30 minutes.
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So I'm going to cover the next set of five questions in an upcoming video.
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So subscribe to make sure you don't miss that video.
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Question number three that's most commonly asked is the product design question.
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And it sounds like What product would you build for X?
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So some example questions that have been asked by companies like Google,
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Facebook, etc. What product would you build in the travel space?
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What product would you build to help people find roommates?
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So the structure for this is quite simple,
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but answering this question is not easy.
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So don't get fooled by the simple framework.
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It's a four-part framework.
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And the first part starts with why do we want to build for this problem?
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So for example, why do you want to build in the travel space?
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Why would a company want to invest in this?
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The second, who are the users in this space?
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So ecosystem-wide, but also who are the subset of users?
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Step number three is think of pain points
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that these users might be suffering with in the travel space
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that you could build for and make sure to prioritize which pain points you're going to go for.
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And step number four is to think of solutions for the prioritized target segment
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and the pain points for those user segments that you identified.
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Here's a link to an example question where I answer,
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what product would you build to help people buy and sell antiques?
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Funny side story
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that a friend told me was one time for his company
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he asked an interviewee the question what product would you build to help people get more pizza
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and the candidate goes I would build a pizza canyon.
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I thought that was pretty hilarious
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so don't be afraid to infuse some humor in there because technically Pizza Canyon could get people more pizza.
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What are common mistakes to avoid for these type of questions is starting with a solution rather than the problem.
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I see a lot of candidates fall into this trap where they think oh travel space something
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that I've always wanted to build
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or I think is cool would be a travel app to help people meet each other locally
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and then they work backwards from the solution?
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Note for this question, it's never about the idea,
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rather the process that you walk through to show the interviewer that you can think logically,
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structurally, and that you have user empathy.
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They're not just looking for creative ideas.
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You can have the most creative ideas,
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but if you can't identify who the user segments are or their pain points,
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you're not going to succeed in this interview.
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The fourth most asked question in product interviews is a success metric question
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and it sounds like what success metrics would you set for product X
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or it sounds something like what goals would you set for product X
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so for example some questions
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that have been asked in real interviews are what metrics would
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you set for the ubereats app what metrics do you think Airbnb goals against
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so how would you tackle this here's a five step framework to tackle this.
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The first one starting with understanding the product.
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So what does the product do?
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Who are the users?
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What are the users trying to accomplish?
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Step two is then qualitatively.
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What do we want to measure to help us get a sense
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that this product is helping those users accomplish their goals and helping the business accomplish their goals?
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Step three is then translating those qualitative things into quantitative metrics.
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Step four is identifying, let's say two to three North Star top metrics that you care about,
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that you want to prioritize.
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And step five is to think of counter metrics and downstream metrics.
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If you're wondering, how do I actually tackle this question?
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Here's a link to one of my most popular videos answering what metrics would you set for Airbnb?
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A common mistake that you want to avoid is listing a bunch of very generic metrics.
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So a lot of people tend to use certain metric frameworks like the Pirates framework R,
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which stands for acquisition, retention,
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revenue, etc. So they're not necessarily wrong,
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but they're a pretty generic framework that people use to tackle any question,
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which more so shows memorization than it actually shows thinking about the product.
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For example, some common metrics I hear all the time when I interview clients is,
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oh, the key metric for this product is DAO,
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daily active users or monthly active users or time spent.
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So again, it's not wrong.
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Like at companies, we do measure those things,
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but you want to show a bit more thought than just throwing the most commonly measured metrics.
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And even if you do call on metrics that are more often cited than not,
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explain your thinking why now is important.
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So you might say something like,
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for example, for an app like Airbnb,
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I might expect people to book travel somewhere around once a month
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or once every quarter and hence i want to measure something like monthly active users
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so make it specific to the product you're talking about
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and not just throwing out generic metrics
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that show you know how to memorize versus think through the
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question question number five is the debugging root cause analysis question
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that sounds something like we're seeing metric y go down for product x what's going on and how would you fix it?
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An example question for this is we're seeing the number of riders go down on Uber.
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What's going on and how would you fix it?
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Here is your six-part framework to tackle this type of question.
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You first start off with qualified questions like this metric went down in what time span?
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Was it the last couple of days?
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Was it a month?
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Are we seeing these metrics localized to just a specific region or globally?
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These questions are important
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because they help you understand what issues might be more likely to contribute towards this drop versus less likely.
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So you can eliminate options.
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Step number two is talking about the product.
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Basically what does the product do?
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What is it?
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Step number three is then talking about the user flow.
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How do people experience this product?
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How does this metric reflect a step in the user flow for users?
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And what are the steps that are attributed to this metric.
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Number four is talking about hypotheses on why you think this metric might have dropped.
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Number five is answering the question how would you validate or invalidate certain hypotheses that you have.
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And step number six based on your prioritized list of hypotheses
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that you would go try to understand first
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or validate invalidate first what are some solutions to solve for some of those hypotheses.
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I will link an example question in the video above answering
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we're seeing uber cancellations go up what's going on now what are common mistakes
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that you want to avoid so commonly
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when i ask this question most people go through a checklist of things they memorize of things
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that could go wrong
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and you'll see a video where i cover a skit of the most common type of interaction
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that i see when i ask these questions in an interview This isn't high school,
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so you're not going to impress them by memorizing things.
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So think thoughtfully through the question,
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and the framework I just shared above will almost force you to think versus memorize.
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So we have the five most commonly asked questions.
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The first one is the favorite product.
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Second is product improvement.
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Third is product design.
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Fourth is success metric.
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And number five is debugging root cause analysis.
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A common question I get all the time is,
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which is the toughest out of these five questions?
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I would say probably the toughest is the product design question.
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If you want to see an example where a real candidate that got an offer at Facebook tackle this question,
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take a look at this video to see what is needed to pass these interviews.
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And I will see you guys in the next video.
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このレッスンについて
このレッスンでは、プロダクトマネージャーの面接でよく聞かれる質問について学び、その回答方法を練習します。特に、好きなプロダクトについて考察する質問に焦点を当て、どのように構造的に考えを整理し、自分の意見を効果的に伝えるかを学びます。この内容を通じて、英語スピーキング練習やIELTS スピーキング対策にも役立つスキルを身につけることができます。
キーボキャブラリーとフレーズ
- プロダクト (Product)
- ユーザー (User)
- 目標 (Goal)
- 改善 (Improve)
- 痛点 (Pain Point)
- 構造的な視点 (Structured Viewpoint)
- ソリューション (Solution)
- 重要な質問 (Key Question)
練習のヒント
このビデオのスピードとトーンを考慮しながら、英語シャドーイングを行うことが効果的です。特に、登場人物の話し方に注意を払い、声のトーンや感情を真似することで、より自然な表現を身につけることができます。以下のステップを参考にして、粘り強く練習してみてください：
- リピート：動画のセクションを一時停止し、話し手のフレーズを繰り返します。
- アクセントの模倣：言葉のリズムやイントネーションを捉えることに集中しましょう。
- 理解度の確認：一度ビデオを見た後、内容を自分の言葉で説明してみると、理解度が深まります。
- 友人と練習：誰かと一緒に練習すると、より対話形式でのスピーキングを向上させることができます。
この練習を通じて、YouTubeで英語学習をより充実させることができ、面接に備える自信を高めることができます。最終的には、模擬面接を行って、実践的なスキルを磨くのが理想です。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。