シャドーイング練習: Why So Many Americans Are Clinging To Their Jobs - YouTubeで英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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The US economy has lost 1.2 million jobs since April 2024, and Americans are feeling the economic downturn. The quits rate, a measure of how often workers voluntarily leave their jobs, is now down to about 2% after fluctuating in the years since the pandemic, and employers are hiring at the slowest pace since 2013, excluding the pandemic dip and rise.
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The US economy has lost 1.2 million jobs since April 2024, and Americans are feeling the economic downturn. The quits rate, a measure of how often workers voluntarily leave their jobs, is now down to about 2% after fluctuating in the years since the pandemic, and employers are hiring at the slowest pace since 2013, excluding the pandemic dip and rise.
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I think people just want to stay with what is known and not take any risks right now.
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We use the term job clinging or job hugging to denote that they're staying put rather than moving on.
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I think for workers, that means more stress and less mobility.
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For companies, it looks like retention, but I think it hides disengagement.
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And then for the economy, it slows innovation just because people aren't moving and growing.
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Four out of five employees surveyed said they're not thriving at work.
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Another 58% of US professionals surveyed believe they have a wide range of skills that are being underutilized in their current roles.
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This all makes for a labor market that doesn't have a lot of churn in it.
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There's been a lot of anxiety about the direction of both the economy and the labor market.
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That is part of what's keeping people in jobs, and that could be a contributing factor to this at least perception of disengagement that is rising.
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Here's why so many Americans feel stuck in their jobs and what it means for the economy.
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Almost 1 in 5 job seekers surveyed said they're not confident that they will find a great job that they like.
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We're in a situation where that economic uncertainty is manifesting itself in fewer people quitting, as well as fewer organizations hiring.
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There's kind of less movement in the market right now.
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I think wage growth has cooled, job switching premiums have shrunk, and a lot of workers worry that their pay won't keep up with rising costs.
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So I think they're clinging to stability in a time of uncertainty.
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A lot of this does have to do with sentiment because companies are unsure about what's going to happen in the future. They see economic policies like tariffs. They're not quite sure how that's going to impact their bottom line. So they're nervous to hire people when they're not sure if they're going to have to turn around and then let people go in the near future.
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While layoffs have been steady since the pandemic, many companies are choosing alternatives, such as hiring freezes or letting attrition thin their workforce.
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What we did that is a little bit different. We don't do layoffs, we just don't hire.
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And because you have a natural attrition of 20% in a company like ours, it means that every year 20% leaves. And if you don't recruit, you just shrink, right? But what we've done is we promise all our employees, some of those savings we are going to accelerate their compensation with. So they have seen an increasing acceleration in their compensation due to all of the AI that we've done.
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Organizations are a little bit flatter now.
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So I think there's a kind of middle management layer that's going away.
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And so employees stay put, but they're a little bit disconnected from senior leadership sometimes, so they feel a little more directionless.
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I think that creates stress.
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Staying put may feel like the safer option, but it can come with risks for both workers and employers.
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If you cling to your job and you get a little bit too complacent, that's not good either, because then your employer can look at you as sort of low hanging fruit for layoffs in the event that they eventually need to do that. Career coaches recommend that you focus on career growth. Even if you're not able to find a new job, you focus on opportunities to improve your skills, do things within your organization to boost your career growth and your opportunities.
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In the event that a new job comes along later, there's some data also that points to wage growth or job hoppers has slowed down quite a bit.
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Economists still say that job hopping is probably the best way to raise your wages.
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A February 2025 study estimated that for a typical 1000 person company, employee disengagement adds up to about $5 million a year in lost productivity.
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The average disengaged worker could cost the company $4,000 over the course of a year, while an executive could cost $20,000.
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If they are less engaged, there's a risk to the overall productivity of that employee.
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So that's kind of that individual risk.
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But I think in many ways the bigger risk is the network effect that that will have is that if you have someone who is disengaged, not putting forth the same amount of effort, but is putting forth enough just to stay under the radar, that work still needs to get done.
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And so that ends up falling on teammates and other people across the organization so it can cause some additional stress.
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Even if people are engaged and people are putting forth their extra effort, they might have to go even above and beyond to make up for some of the teammates who are disengaged.
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Low turnover looks like stability for employers, but it can mask what I would describe as quiet quitting.
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Forty percent of workers in a recent survey feel directionless, with fewer managers in place.
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Therefore, they maybe spin their wheels. So I think that has impact on productivity.
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I think it has impact on employee satisfaction.
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Ultimately it can have impact on a company's ability to grow, innovate.
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And that translates into a cautious workforce, slows labor mobility, and labor mobility historically has been a sign of productivity and innovation.
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A disengaged workforce that's clinging to their job can have implications for the broader economy and labor market. Globally, low employee engagement is estimated to cost $9.6 trillion annually, or around 9% of global GDP.
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Labor mobility historically has been a sign of productivity and innovation, with fewer workers chasing new roles, wage growth flattens, and it just kind of reinforces a cycle of caution.
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And this can dampen consumer confidence.
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It can dampen the agility of organizations and their ability to innovate and be productive.
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Career coaches, economists, they all say that the labor market is very frozen right now. If you have a frozen labor market, there's not a lot of new opportunity being created that ends up hurting people who would otherwise be finding new opportunity in the market.
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Where you might start to see those types of dips is if we have a prolonged period where the labor market is challenging, a prolonged period where organizations aren't taking advantage of internal labor market movement to reengage their employees.
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That's when you may expect to see a bigger hit to productivity as well.
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This trend of workers staying put has also degraded job seekers bargaining power, which can lead to flattened wages.
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Employers have more power in the labor market.
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We've had labor standards erode in this country for decades. Things like the minimum wage has been sitting at the same level since 2009.
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Unionization rates in this country have declined dramatically over the last few decades.
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So when we think about the levers that workers have, it's pretty limited.
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Workers have lost a bit of their bargaining power in the current environment. They, just a couple of years ago, were able to quit their jobs easily and find a much higher paying gig.
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Now, hiring has slowed down.
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Job openings have come way down.
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Workers aren't quitting their jobs nearly as readily, and we see that wage growth has come down to in this environment. So workers can't command raises like they used to.
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In the three decades following World War II, we actually saw wages and productivity move in tandem.
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When you think about compensation for typical workers, they moved as productivity increased.
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What we've seen largely for the last three or four decades or so is that has diverged.
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And so as productivity has continued to increase, albeit at a little bit slower pace, I would say overall, workers wages have not kept up with those kinds of gains.
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New graduates and early career workers may struggle to find entry level jobs in the current market.
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Think about recent college graduates, for example. They're not finding that it's as easy to get a new job straight out of college an entry level role, especially because these are roles in which there's fear that AI is disrupting those jobs especially. Think about these are entry level jobs, kind of a stepping stone to more skilled positions down the road. It's also low hanging fruit for AI to come in and disrupt and take those jobs away from entry level workers.
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But this could also be an opportunity for innovative companies to pivot.
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If you think about the Gen Z workforce or entry level workforce, they're much more moldable, teachable. You know, you can reorient their skill sets. They're bright.
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They're sharp. I think they're street smart.
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They know how to use technology.
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That gives me a lot of hope.
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And so I think it isn't all doom and gloom.
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I think it's leaders need to think about how do I repurpose the workforce and then how do I get new entry or newer professionals, how do I retool their skill sets? How do I help them use AI to make better decisions, to be more productive, to do more at an earlier time in their careers?
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And so I think those who see it as an opportunity, if you can get the right leadership in place, the right lean workforce, leveraging technology and innovation, you can certainly grow and scale faster. And so I think there are a lot of opportunities, no doubt.
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Shadowing English
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このレッスンについて
このレッスンでは、アメリカの労働市場の現状について学びます。仕事を辞めずに留まる人々の理由やその影響について考察しながら、特に動きの少ないマーケットでの生産性やストレスについて理解を深めます。実況のトランスクリプトを通じて、自分の意見を表現するための語彙やフレーズを強化し、英語でのコミュニケーション能力を高めることを目指します。
重要な語彙とフレーズ
- クイッツレート - 仕事を自発的に辞める割合
- 職にしがみつく - リスクを取らずに現職に留まること
- 従業員の無関心 - 仕事に対する関心やモチベーションの低下
- キャリア成長 - 職業上の成長やスキルの向上を目指すこと
- 労働市場の凍結 - 新しい雇用機会が少ない状況
- 経済の不安定性 - 経済が不確かな状況を指す
練習のコツ
このビデオのスピードやトーンに合わせて英語シャドーイングを行う際は、以下のポイントに注意してください。まず、話者のリズムに合わせて声を出すことが重要です。速い部分は特に、意識して発音やイントネーションを模倣してください。shadowspeak技法を使って、話者が強調する部分をしっかりと聞き分け、自分でも同じように強調してみましょう。
また、ビデオの内容に関連する語彙やフレーズを繰り返し練習しましょう。これにより、IELTSスピーキング対策にも役立つ土台が得られます。特に「仕事や労働市場に関する表現」を意識して発音し、短いフレーズを何度も繰り返すことが重要です。自分の声を録音して、イントネーションや発音を確認することも効果的です。さまざまなパターンのシナリオを想定しながら、実際の会話スキルを向上させていきましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。