シャドーイング練習: Your Brain Is Smarter Than You Think | Daniel Steininger | TEDxEmory - YouTubeで英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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Well, hello.
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Every week, we hear about what we need to do to strengthen our bodies.
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Physical exercise, better diet, better sleeping habits, right?
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A week goes by, we don't hear about that.
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But you know what we don't hear about?
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How do we strengthen our brains?
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Now, what's odd about that,
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This three-pound brain we have up here is sort of like a car engine.
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It controls everything we do.
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You couldn't breathe without your brain,
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you can't meet friends without your brain,
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you can't even do your job without a brain.
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In fact, we'd be vegetables without our brains.
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So, today I'm going to share with you how your brain operates,
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what neuroscientists have told us you can do to strengthen your brain.
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And why is that important?
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Because the stronger brain, as you go through life,
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is important to take on the challenges of life that will come out of nowhere.
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You can't study for life, okay?
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All you can do is strengthen your brain so when those challenges come along,
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and they'll surprise you, you'll be prepared for it.
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So I'll tell you a personal story.
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Just a few years ago,
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I have a home out in Phoenix,
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Arizona, and I'm hiking on a beautiful day in a sort of remote area.
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And all of a sudden,
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I heard a rattle, and boom,
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I'm hit on the back of the leg by a rattlesnake.
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And he slithers off, that little devil.
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Turned to my wife who was hiking behind me.
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I said, you know, you better call 911.
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I've been bitten by a rattlesnake.
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So she did it.
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Now I got to thinking.
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I've been bitten by this rattlesnake.
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There's venom going into me right now.
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So I turned to my wife and I said,
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look, I was a Boy Scout.
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In fact, I was an Eagle Scout.
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You need to suck out the venom.
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There's a thing called a divorce look.
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Divorce first?
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No way.
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Okay, all right, fine.
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I got a cell phone.
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I'm gonna record my funeral narration right now and say I died because my wife wouldn't suck out the venom.
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So she finally said, okay,
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got her water bottle out,
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washed it down and started sucking out the venom and of course spit it out,
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which you have to do.
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The helicopter finally comes.
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The captain comes out to introduce himself and he says,
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hi, I'm Captain Kirk.
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The kind of day I'm having,
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if you're Captain Kirk, I'm the Easter Bunny,
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and I'm not making this up.
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We helicoptered her to the Banner Hospital,
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a major hospital in downtown Phoenix,
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and the top toxicologist for the state of Arizona comes to visit me.
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She says, I needed to see you.
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I said, Doctor, I don't want to hear that.
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She says, oh, no, it's good news.
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You have less venom in you than the average rattlesnake bite.
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We need to know why.
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So I told her this story about what my wife had done,
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And she said, well, our studies show over long term,
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this and that and this and that.
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She finally conceded, yes, it does work,
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even though we don't recommend it.
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How did the cowboys settle the West?
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They didn't have antiviral.
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So why do I tell you that story?
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You can lose a limb, you can die.
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Who knew you were going to get a bit of a rattlesnake on a normal hike?
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So whether you're 25 or 75,
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having a stronger brain can think creatively may save your life someday.
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So let's talk a little bit about our brains.
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Our brains, there you see it right now,
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have roughly 85 billion neurons in them.
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And those neurons are connecting to each other through things called synopsis.
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And they're firing constantly, and they're like trillions of synopsis.
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All that's going on in your brain right now,
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or you wouldn't understand a word I'm saying.
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These on went back and forth, back and forth.
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Now, what scientists told us for years is that you lose those neurons all your life and then you die.
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And the worst part is,
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your brain peaks at around 25,
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where you're highest in what they call fluid intelligence.
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You can remember names better,
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you can think quicker, and it begins to degenerate over time.
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Pretty depressing, but I have good news for you.
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Before I share the good news,
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I want to do a disclaimer.
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I'm not a scientist, I'm not a doctor.
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We say I'm a recovering lawyer, a recovering CEO.
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But when I had a trial and I had a doctor or scientist on that witness stand,
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I had to know as much about that subject matter as that person did or I couldn't,
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we would never won the trial.
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So what I'm going to do is take the neuroscience
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and I'm going to put it in layman's terms and you're going to be the jury.
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So let's start with with the good news.
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First of all, thanks to 20-25 years of great inventive devices,
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medical devices like MRIs and PET scans,
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they can now see, neuroscientists can now see inside our brains.
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And that's how they discovered this whole fact that brains can actually grow new neurons.
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It's called the process of neurogenesis.
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Think about it.
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You cannot grow this finger.
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You've got a hip problem and you need to replace me,
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you have to replace the hip,
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you can't grow a new one.
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But you can grow new brain cells.
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This is phenomenal because those brain cells make your brain stronger.
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So the question becomes, how do you do it?
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Well, you know, if you want to get stronger, you physically exercise, right?
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You do resistance training and so forth.
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Well, the brain's the same way.
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How do you exercise your brain?
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You do creative things.
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Creativity is the key to growing neurons in your brain.
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Now you say, creativity, I'm not creative,
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I'm not an artist, I'm not a musician.
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I wouldn't think about little children when they're not long after they're first born.
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They start to crawl, then they try to walk.
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Does anyone tell them they have to crawl or walk?
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No, right?
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They start to do it on their own.
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And then they begin to do the thing that's the most complex thing we will ever do in our lives
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and it's all over by five they learn to communicate
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that means learning thousands of words thousands of sentence patterns
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and even grammar it's an amazing thing you all did it
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when you were little kids you all did it you wouldn't be here be here today
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or you wouldn't understand a word i'm saying
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so by nature you are creative
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so the question is why is it hard for you to
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be creative to grow your brain stronger well think about it
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if you're in school as we all are and And when we go and you come into class and the teacher says,
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two plus two is four,
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you go, I have a better idea.
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Right?
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No. You're going to do what you're supposed to do to get the grades.
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And then you graduate from,
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you bond from school to the professional world.
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And now you're working for a supervisor or whoever, or CEOs like myself.
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And you say, I don't think I want to do that.
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I have a better idea what I want to do.
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It's not the way it works.
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The system is geared up to beat creativity out of us.
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It's not evil, but there's a certain amount of information you have to have,
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and there's certain things you have to do.
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But it takes that creativity out of us.
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So I'm here today to say,
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look, you are by nature creative.
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You just have to start bringing it out in yourselves again.
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So how do you do that?
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Well, first of all, you have to develop lifestyle changes that creative people tend to have.
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And I'll give you some tips,
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and then you can start doing them tomorrow.
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Number one, solitude.
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Now, why do I say solitude?
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Well, all of us go to sleep at night, right?
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Hopefully you do, unless you have an exam the next morning.
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Now, up here in the cerebral cortex of your brain is what I call sort of like a governor.
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It's your executive function.
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And it's seeing what I'm saying right now.
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It's seeing memories all day long.
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Things are coming.
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It's sorting things out, making sense of the environment.
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When you go to sleep at night, that turns off.
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So right now, you're in your left side of your brain,
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the analytical side, and when it turns off,
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you flip into your right side, the creative side.
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That's what happens when you sleep at night.
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And do you ever have weird dreams?
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Right?
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You bet you do.
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You know why?
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Because your right brain is unleashed.
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Do you ever wake up in the morning and you've come up with some new ideas?
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You wonder why?
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Again, your right brain's unleashed.
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Have any of you ever gotten creative ideas being in a shower?
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The executive function turns off.
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I get it when I swim,
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I'm a swimmer, ideas come to me.
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So turning that off is important.
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So, every day build solitude into your daily life.
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I mean, we're inundated with social media,
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we're inundated with texts and emails,
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and it goes on and on and on.
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Find, meditate, whatever, find time every day for solitude to allow that right brain to emerge with creativity.
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There's another thing you can start doing,
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and this is going to sound a little odd,
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but it's built humor into your life every day.
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Now, why humor?
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If you go back thousands of years to,
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and this is what anthropologists say,
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and you're in plains of Africa,
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that's where human beings started in East Africa,
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and you see people coming at you with spears,
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how are you going to let them know you're friendly so I don't kill you?
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You don't have email, you don't have text, you can't call them.
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So what early persons did is they started doing dances, funny dances.
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You don't want me doing one.
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If I dance, it'll be funny, so don't read.
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Ain't going to happen.
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So at least signal that I'm friendly, don't kill me.
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And what
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that does is humor moves you again from your left analytical
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side of your brain into the right analytical side of your brain,
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and therefore that's what creativity comes from.
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imagine how valuable humor is to getting you to think creatively.
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So build it into your daily life.
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And one other thing, just briefly,
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this is everyone knows your exercise is good for your body.
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Well, guess what?
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Scientists have now discovered, because they can see inside our brains,
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that when you exercise, it puts blood flow up into your brain.
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That helps your brain grow,
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get stronger, and on top of it,
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releases endomorphins, relaxes the brain,
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and allows for more creativity.
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So those are the big habits you can start tomorrow in your own lives developing to strengthen your brain.
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Now, I'm going to give you what I call the secret sauce of creativity.
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Because in the coming years,
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as you go through life,
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we're all going to be hit with surprises.
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And when those surprises come along,
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you have to have a way of figuring out a solution.
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Now, in my youth, I worked in Glacier Park in my summers off.
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I was from Wisconsin, I'd take the Great Northern across the plains,
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the northern plains of eastern Montana,
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and as you're coming to the great Rocky Mountains,
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they emerge out of the plains.
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Wow, this is fantastic.
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For a boy from the Midwest, it was phenomenal.
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And then you get out of the train and you're smelling all this great mountain air.
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What do you think Lewis and Clark,
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who were on their way to the Pacific,
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thought when they saw those Rocky Mountains?
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good grief if we don't get through them we're not going to get to the Pacific
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and probably who knows it would be Spanish people in control
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or Russia and how did they get through them creativity they found a passage through
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and who how did they get
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that of course they turned to a woman right her name was Sacajawea she had grown up in the tribe
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that was from that area the Blackfoot Indian and And she was able to show them the path through.
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So when you're faced with a surprise,
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a challenge, a personal or professional,
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it makes no difference, begin by trying to understand the problem.
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And from there, what's its number one cause?
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And then take that cause and start ideation.
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Step two, ideation.
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Put as many ideas in play that might solve this as you can.
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You have all these ideas, what's the last step?
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And this is the most important in many ways.
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Create your criteria.
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Now, you're all going to either own or lease a car at some point, right?
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So you go to dealerships,
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you try them, they all feel good.
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How do you decide?
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So, develop criteria.
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What's the most important?
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Cost, safety, fuel efficiency, style.
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Put those, weight them in order,
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top gets five, four, three down,
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and then put them against each choice that you're looking at.
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When in my youth I was in the Peace Corps,
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the United States Peace Corps, in Kenya, East Africa.
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And to this day, I can still speak Swahili.
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So we were in a remote village up in northern Kenya,
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and I was teaching class,
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and I have a blackboard,
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and I dropped my chalk,
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and I went down the picket up,
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and I couldn't get back up.
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I was really frozen.
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I was a young guy in the United States Peace Corps.
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I didn't know it, but I was in the early stages of malaria.
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Now, malaria is a killer.
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It kills people across the globe into the hundreds of thousands every year.
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It's deadly.
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Our village had nothing but dirt roads to it,
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was very isolated, and it was the rainy season.
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And when the rainy season was out, it wipes out.
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We had no way again.
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There's no medical help.
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There's no doctors in our village.
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And nobody we can go.
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I don't have cell phones.
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I don't have mobile, no email, anywhere.
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We're stuck.
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So my wife and I start researching everything we can do about Kenya quickly,
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and found out there were missions.
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And missions usually have some medical staff.
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They may not have doctors,
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but at least they can give you medical help.
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Sure enough, we found one not too far within hiking distance,
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knocked on the mission door,
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none came to the door,
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and she took one look at me.
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She must have been the medical person and said, don't move came back with a syringe.
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It was so big, I think you got to inoculate a horse with this thing.
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And she gave me a shot.
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The next day, I started to break the fever.
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If it hadn't been for that quick creative action,
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I wouldn't be here to talk to you today.
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One other thought.
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Dr. Sherry All from the Cognitive Research Center in Chicago says,
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when you strengthen that brain,
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create new neurons, you are like creating a bank account,
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or a savings account, or a money market for yourself.
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and you're storing it in your brain.
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And those neurons that you're storing and building will come back to help you when you need them.
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They may go into other parts of your brain.
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They may actually enlarge your brain.
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They're still doing that study.
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But create that bank.
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Who doesn't want a bank account?
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Who doesn't want a money market?
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You can do it.
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You can create those neurons yourself.
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I'm not saying it's easy.
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I'm studying Spanish.
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Why?
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Because it's creating more neurons in my brain.
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Take up a musical instrument, whatever.
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If you're in a course,
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and I don't want to take that course.
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That's too hard.
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I don't think I'll do it.
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Excuse me, take it because it's going to grow new runs.
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It's going to help you grow your brain and make it stronger.
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Now, there's another benefit here to growing that stronger brain of yours.
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And I call this the double bottom line.
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Human happiness, what is human happiness?
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By the way, my undergraduate was in philosophy.
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That's why I went on to become a lawyer.
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What do you do with a philosophy degree, right?
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But Aristotle, thousands of years ago,
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said human happiness comes from setting a goal and achieving that goal.
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Fast forward to more recently the Maslow hierarchy.
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What's at the top?
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Self-actualization.
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Think for a second about a child learning to ride a bike.
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Or you may even remember when you tried to ride a bike.
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It was your goal, that child's goal.
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You fell, no one ever rides the first time, unless they're really gifted.
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You skinned your knee, you might have cried,
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they cried, but they kept getting up again.
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At some point, they get airborne on that bike.
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And when they get airborne on that bike, now the world opens.
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They can leave their home block.
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Nothing can substitute for the happiness they feel in achieving that goal.
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So there's this double value to growing those neurons in your brain and the challenges.
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It's not going to be easy.
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Which brings me to the last and final point.
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Now, we all know about that in life ahead,
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we don't know what's going to happen to us as we do it through this journey.
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But we do know one thing,
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that people experience terrible loss,
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it's called post-traumatic stress syndrome.
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And we understand that.
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Violent, horrible things happen.
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But you know something, I've seen enough over my lifetime,
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which I call post-traumatic growth,
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where you recover, use your creative talent to recover from those tough blows of life,
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whether you lose a loved one,
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didn't get the job you wanted,
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or lost the job you wanted,
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whatever those tragedies come, there can be post-traumatic growth.
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A movie, you can still find it,
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it's called Little Miss Sunshine.
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She's talking to her grandfather and said,
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you should be so proud.
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What do you remember most of all the great things you've done with your life?
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And she said, you know,
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Little Miss Sunshine, I'm proud of those things,
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But you know what I remember the most?
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I remember most when I was knocked down by life.
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I dealt a hard blow.
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And I got back up.
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I got back in the game.
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So that's what you'll remember most as you go through life.
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And if you have a stronger brain,
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more neurons in it, you'll be able to navigate those challenges.
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So I wish you best on your creative journey.
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Start tomorrow.
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And I'll be your number one cheerleader.
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So thank you.
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Thank you.
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この動画で話す練習をする理由は？
この TEDx 講演では、脳を強化することの重要性について語っています。スピーキングのコンテキストを理解することで、ただの言葉のやり取りだけでなく、意図や感情、さらには危機に直面したときの反応にも焦点を当てます。このような状況を模擬することで、英語を話す際の自信が高まり、英語スピーキング練習にも繋がります。また、実生活の問題を英語で表現することは、YouTubeで英語学習を行う上で非常に役立ちます。
文法と表現の文脈
この動画では、いくつかの重要な文法構造や表現が登場します。以下にその例を紹介します：
- 現在進行形の使用：「I'm hiking on a beautiful day」 - 現在の状況を描写するために使われます。
- 過去形の使用：「I was bitten by a rattlesnake」 - 過去の出来事を表現しています。
- 時制の一致：「There's venom going into me right now」 - 現在進行形と現在形を用いたことで、話し手の緊急感が伝わります。
これらの文法を使うことで、IELTS スピーキング対策にも役立つ、効果的なコミュニケーションを増やすことができます。
一般的な発音の落とし穴
この動画の中で、発音において注意が必要な単語やフレーズがいくつかあります。特に「rattlesnake」や「venom」という単語は、英語の発音を良くするためにはしっかり練習する必要があります。これらの単語は英語の音の特徴を持っており、shadow speechの練習に最適です。これを繰り返し練習することで、発音が滑らかになり、自然な会話が可能になります。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。