쉐도잉 연습: Crisis Communication Theory: IELTS LISTENING (actual test) kèm đáp án & transcript with location - YouTube로 영어 말하기 배우기
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Section 4.
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You will hear part of a lecture to business management students about what managers should do when their organisation faces a crisis.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40 on page 7.
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Thank you.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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Today, I want to talk about how organisations can respond to a crisis,
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which happens when a serious problem occurs suddenly and must be dealt with quickly.
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I will talk about a theory that tells crisis managers how to communicate in different kinds of crises.
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Some people ask why we need theory in crisis communication.
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Isn't logic the answer?
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Yes, it is sometimes.
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but organizations often handle crisis communication badly.
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What we find is that,
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in reality, much of the advice that organizations receive on how to respond to a crisis is just a guess.
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Theory and research allow us to take those suggestions and test them.
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Then, managers can be given advice based on actual evidence of what works and what doesn't.
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The crisis theory has categorized three general types of crises.
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One type is a crisis where the organization is a victim and has very little responsibility.
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For example, this kind of crisis could be caused by a rumor.
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The second kind is accidental.
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There isn't much responsibility because there are other outside factors that contributed to it.
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And the third one, and the most difficult to actually manage, is a preventable crisis.
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In this kind of crisis, those affected believe strongly that a mistake was made within the organization.
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The type of crisis is important because the more people think the organization is responsible for the crisis,
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the angrier they become at the organization.
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The theory begins by suggesting a two-part basic response that can be used in all kinds of crisis.
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The first part is to provide information to those affected so that they can protect themselves from further harm.
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Many crises pose a risk to people.
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For example, if there is a chemical release, people might have to evacuate an area.
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or if there's a product which could be harmful, people need to be told about it so they don't buy it or so if they have bought it,
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they can return it.
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The second part of the basic response is to communicate the action the organization is planning in order to prevent another crisis.
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This is important because those affected by a crisis are often concerned that it is going to happen again.
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Beyond this, crisis managers also have other tools to shape how people think about the crisis.
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Crisis managers can use several strategies to do this.
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One strategy is to diminish the crisis.
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If crisis managers have proof, which is convincing, they can argue that a crisis is not as bad as people think.
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If they can argue this successfully, the harmful effects are reduced.
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Another way to shape thinking is to give excuses which emphasize a lack of intent.
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Therefore, people will see the crisis as an accident.
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This is important because an accidental crisis is much easier to manage than an intentional crisis.
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Crisis managers can also protect the organization's reputation when there is a major crisis.
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Their first goal is to reduce the negative opinions generated by the crisis.
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This can be done by presenting new positive facts and figures about the organization,
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or by reminding people of past good works done by the organization.
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Rebuild strategies are useful for preventable crises or when there has been a series of accidental crises,
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as these crises present a severe threat to the perceived reliability of the organization.
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For example, a crisis where the organization is clearly at fault
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or broke a law can be very damaging and can result in loss of business.
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Rebuild strategies can also be used to reduce the impact of the crisis.
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To do this, crisis managers say and do things to benefit those affected by the crisis.
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The reputation of the organization can also be protected in practical ways.
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The problem can sometimes be addressed by offering an apology to those affected by the crisis.
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This may be sufficient action when the problem is relatively minor.
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However, if the crisis is very severe, the most common strategy is to offer compensation to those affected.
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So, to summarize, crisis communication theory is interesting to managers as it gives positive guidance on how to respond.
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It can help them figure out which strategy...
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That is the end of Section 4.
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You now have half a minute to check your answers.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.
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"Crisis Communication Theory: IELTS LISTENING (actual test) kèm đáp án & transcript with location"으로 쉐도잉 기법을 사용해 영어를 연습합니다.
매일 15~30분 꾸준히 연습하면 IELTS 스피킹에 대한 자신감이 길러집니다.
쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법
쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.