쉐도잉 연습: GERUND or INFINITIVE? (What Your Textbook Didn't Teach You...) - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기
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Today's lesson is one that many of you have been waiting for.
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This is how to use gerunds and infinitives in English.
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A gerund is a noun that looks like the ing form of a verb.
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For example, I enjoy reading.
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The verb is enjoy, and reading is the object, the thing that I enjoy.
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An infinitive is to plus the base form of a verb, like I want to read.
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Same thing here.
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To read is the object.
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This action is the thing that I want.
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There are some situations when we can only use a gerund or only an infinitive.
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And I'll show you these patterns later because they're useful.
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But there's one situation where you can find either one.
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after a verb as the direct object.
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And this is the most confusing part for English learners because it's incorrect to say,
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I enjoy to read or I want reading. But why?
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It looks like there's no logic or no pattern, but there is.
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And most textbooks don't explain this.
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The real difference between gerunds and infinitives is not only about grammar, It's about perspective.
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Very abstract, I know.
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But I promise, after you understand this fundamental concept,
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you'll know how to choose the right form naturally, almost every time.
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Not by memorizing a long list of verbs and rules, but by thinking about these forms the way that native speakers do.
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And of course, all the information in this lesson is available for you in a free PDF.
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You can download it by clicking the link in the description below this video.
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A grammatical choice, like using a gerund or an infinitive, is a reflection of how we see or feel about an action.
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English speakers subconsciously view actions from two perspectives,
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real and experienced actions versus potential and intended actions things that have been achieved,
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and things that have not or not yet been achieved.
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So for actions that are real, ongoing in the present, or completed in the past,
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we strongly prefer the gerund form.
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You'll notice that when we talk about our habits, our likes, our preferences, those are things that we have real experience with.
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They exist in our reality.
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On the other hand, we prefer the infinitive for actions that are possible or hypothetical.
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Things that exist in your imagination but haven't happened yet, like your plans, your goals, your desires.
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You may or may not complete them in the future.
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This is the key difference.
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Now, of course, there are always exceptions.
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And this does not explain how every verb in English works.
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That would be impossible.
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But if you really try to understand and internalize this concept,
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you won't need to waste time memorizing a rule for each individual verb.
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Now, let's see how this works in practice.
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Here are some common verbs that require a gerund as the direct object.
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Again, you don't need to memorize them.
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Just notice what they have in common.
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I don't recommend visiting Buffalo in the winter.
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This recommendation is based on my experience.
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This is my hometown.
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He kept running until he reached the finish line.
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Sometimes I really miss being a student and going to school.
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Has Gina finished editing her next video?
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She's practicing speaking more clearly.
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Don't worry, it's completely fine to have two words that end with ing next to each other.
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The first one is just your main verb in the present continuous.
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She is practicing.
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What is she practicing?
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This action, speaking more clearly.
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Now let's look at some examples of verbs that require an infinitive as the direct object.
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With the infinitive there's always this feeling of distance between our intention and reality.
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The action may or may not occur.
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He offered to help me with the project.
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Did he help me with the project?
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We don't know.
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We only know that he offered.
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Maybe I said, no thanks, I don't need any help.
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Or maybe I said yes, but then he changed his mind.
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Maria wanted to watch a movie yesterday.
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This could imply that Maria did not watch a movie.
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I hope to see you soon.
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He promised to call me after work.
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I'm so sorry.
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I didn't mean to hurt your feelings.
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Mean is a very useful conversational verb.
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It's a less formal way to say intend.
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A very common expression is I didn't mean to.
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I didn't mean to.
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That means it was not my intention.
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Now here's where things get really interesting.
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Some verbs can be followed by either a gerund or an infinitive, and both are grammatically correct,
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but the feeling changes a little bit, depending on the context.
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One of the most common examples of this is the verb like.
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I like swimming.
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I like to swim.
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Both sentences are grammatically correct, but they don't sound quite the same.
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I like swimming feels more natural when you're talking about general enjoyment.
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Based on your real experience, you know that you always enjoy this activity.
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I like to swim also works, but in my opinion, it sounds a little incomplete.
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Like I'm waiting for more information, like a reason or a specific condition or choice.
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For example, I like to swim to stay in shape.
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I like to swim when it's hot outside.
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So in most everyday contexts, native speakers naturally use the gerund, I like swimming.
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But if we want to emphasize a particular choice or purpose of the action, we can use the infinitive.
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Now, we always use the infinitive after the phrase would like.
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This describes a specific desire or imagined situation, now or in the future.
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I'd like to swim in the Pacific Ocean one day.
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Remember, the contracted form of I would is I'd, I'd.
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Here, I'm expressing a desire to do something that I've never done before.
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The same thing applies to other similar verbs.
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I would love to travel to Spain.
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I have to work in the office, but if I had a choice, I'd prefer to work from home.
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I hope that I feel better by Saturday.
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I'd hate to miss your party.
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So this is hypothetical.
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If I don't feel better by Saturday, I'll miss your party, and I would hate that.
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Okay, now I'm going to test you to see if you've been paying attention.
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Let's look at some more advanced examples of verbs where the difference is much stronger.
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Read each sentence and fill in the blank with the gerund or the infinitive form.
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Remember to keep the perspective in mind.
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Gerund for things that are real, experienced, or completed in the past.
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And infinitive for things that are possible, not yet completed in the present, or intended for the future.
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Number one, I this game all the time when I was a child.
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Both are grammatically correct, but which one makes sense in this context?
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Remember to play or remember playing?
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The correct answer is remember playing.
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If you remember doing something with a gerund, that means you have a memory of a real action in the past.
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On the other hand, if you remember to do something, that means you keep an idea or an intention in your mind.
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For example, Did you remember to call your mom on her birthday?
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I had the intention, but we still don't know if the action was successfully completed.
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Okay, number two.
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I, her mind, but she's going to quit her job.
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The correct answer is tried to change.
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If you try to do something, that means you make an effort to do something difficult.
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In this context, was I successful?
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Did I change her mind?
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Unfortunately, no. I'll try to finish by 5 p.m., but I don't think it's possible.
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Now, if you try doing something, that's a little different.
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It means you experiment with an action to see if it helps or if it works for you.
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For example, if it's really difficult to fall asleep at night, you can try doing a few different things.
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You can try turning off your phone.
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You can try counting sheep.
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You can try listening to different sounds like rain.
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Let's try one more.
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This one's a little tricky.
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He never about how his actions might affect others.
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The answer depends.
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They're both correct, but they have almost opposite meanings.
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The gerund form, stop doing something, means that you quit an action or something does not continue.
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In this context, he never stops thinking.
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So this is always on his mind.
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By the way, this form is really useful if you're a parent.
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Stop running.
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Stop jumping.
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Stop crying.
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Please stop doing that.
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Now the meaning changes completely with the infinitive form.
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If you stop to do something,
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you pause one action to start another action before you continue the original action again.
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In this context, if he never stops to think, that's a bad thing.
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That means he never pauses for a moment and he never thinks about the effect of his actions before he does things.
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Another example, let's compare he stopped smoking and he stopped to smoke.
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In the first sentence, he stopped smoking, the gerund shows a real action was happening and then ended.
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So this means he quit that habit.
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He doesn't smoke anymore.
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But in the second sentence, he stopped to smoke, the infinitive shows a purpose, a new action he wanted to start.
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This means he paused another activity, like working, for example, so that he could have a cigarette.
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This is going to take lots and lots of practice, I know.
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But once you start to feel the difference, you'll notice that your instinct for which one sounds right will become much stronger.
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Okay, that was the hard part.
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The rest of this lesson should be much easier.
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Obviously, I can't explain all of the ways that we use gerunds and infinitives and all of the exceptions,
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but I can show you the most consistent patterns and structures
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so you can feel more confident when you create your own sentences.
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In English, if the subject of the sentence is an action.
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We use the gerund form like 99% of the time.
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Dancing is my favorite form of exercise.
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The subject can also be a phrase.
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Playing board games is a great way to spend an evening with friends.
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Speaking in public can be stressful for some people.
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Liking this video is the best way to support my content.
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Another great pattern to remember.
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We use a gerund after a preposition.
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I always feel better after meditating.
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Think carefully before making a decision.
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He learned Japanese by watching anime.
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You're really good at cooking.
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This is an important collocation for talking about skills.
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Be good or bad at something, not in.
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If you've ever watched one of my lessons until the end, you'll notice that I always use this pattern when I say,
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thank you so much for watching.
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The cool thing is that this pattern also applies to phrasal verbs
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because the particle of a phrasal verb is usually a preposition.
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We planned to go out, but we ended up staying home.
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I'm looking forward to seeing you next week.
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Be careful here.
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I know it looks incorrect to use two plus ing, but this two here is not an infinitive.
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This phrasal verb is special because it's made of two particles, forward and to.
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It requires both.
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So the same rule applies.
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Preposition plus gerund.
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Look forward to doing something.
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Next, let's talk about the infinitive of purpose.
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We use the infinitive to express why someone does something.
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They went to the library to study.
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Why did she call?
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To ask a question.
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We can use just the infinitive as a short, casual response in speaking.
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You must work hard to get a promotion.
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Or, to get a promotion, you must work hard.
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Keep in mind that in writing, if you move the infinitive phrase to the front for emphasis,
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we need to separate this from the main clause with a comma.
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Finally, it's very common to see an infinitive after a question word, and here the meaning is can or should.
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For example, a more natural way to say, I don't know what I should eat is,
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I don't know what to eat.
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I don't know what to eat.
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Please tell me when to start.
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Do you know how to ride a unicycle?
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A common mistake I see is know to ride.
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This is incorrect.
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When we're talking about skills or things that we learn, we say know how to do something.
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Okay, if you have any questions or if you want to practice writing some example sentences with gerunds and infinitives,
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please leave a comment.
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I'd love to read them.
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If you enjoyed watching this lesson, you know what to do.
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Thank you so much for being here.
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I'm Gina, this is Your World in English, and I'll see you next time.
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Bye!
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이 비디오는 누구를 위한 것인가요?
영어 회화 실력을 키우고자 하는 초중급 학습자, 특히 IELTS 스피킹 준비생이나 shadowing 연습을 시작하는 분들에게 적합합니다. 동명사와 부정사의 차이를 외우지 않고 자연스럽게 사용하는 방법을 배우고 싶다면, 이 비디오는 필수입니다. 실제 의사소통에서 자주 발생하는 혼동을 해결해 주기 때문에, 일상 대화뿐만 아니라 시험 준비에도 큰 도움이 됩니다.
빼놓을 수 없는 표현들
- gerund: 동사의 -ing 형태로 명사 역할을 하는 단어 (예: reading)
- infinitive: "to + 동사 원형"으로 이루어진 형태 (예: to read)
- direct object: 동사의 행위를 받는 목적어 (예: "I enjoy reading"에서 reading)
- hypothetical: 가상의, 가정적인 (예: 미래에 일어날 수 있는 일)
발음을 올바르게 하는 방법
이 비디오의 스피커는 자연스러운 미국식 발음을 사용하므로, shadowing site에서 연습할 때 주의해야 할 점이 있습니다. 먼저, 동사 뒤의 동명사나 부정사의 강세를 확인하세요. 예를 들어 "I enjoy reading"에서 "reading"은 강세가 없고, "I want to read"에서 "to"는 약하게 발음됩니다. 또한, "recommend visiting"처럼 동사와 목적어 사이의 연결을 부드럽게 해야 합니다. shadow speech 연습 시, 스피커의 말속도와 억양을 정확히 따라하는 것이 중요합니다. 특히 "kept running"과 같은 연속된 동사 구는 발음이 연결되므로, 천천히 듣고 반복하는 것이 좋습니다. shadowspeaks나 shadow speak와 같은 방법을 사용하면, 자연스러운 발음과 리듬을 익힐 수 있습니다.
이 영상의 문법
화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 문형 | 영상 속 표현 |
|---|---|
| 현재완료진행 have/has been + -ing — 전에 시작해 지금도 계속되는 동작 | have been waiting · you've been paying |
| 조건문 if + 절, will/would + 동사 — 조건과 그 결과 | if I had a choice, I'd prefer |
| 수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점 | have been achieved · been achieved · is based |
| 현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때 | have been achieved · haven't happened · I've never done |
쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법
쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.