쉐도잉 연습: IELTS Listening Section-4(The History of Coffee) with answers - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

You will hear part of a presentation by a history student about the history of coffee.

First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.

Thank you.

Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.

In my presentation, I'm going to talk about coffee and its importance both in economic and social terms.

We think it was first drunk in the Arab world, but there's hardly any documentary evidence of it before the 1500s,

although of course that doesn't mean that people didn't know about it before then.

However, there is evidence that coffee was originally gathered from bushes growing wild in Ethiopia, in the northeast of Africa.

In the early 16th century, it was being bought by traders, and gradually its use as a drink spread throughout the Middle East.

It's also known that in 1522, in the Turkish city of Constantinople, which was the centre of the Ottoman Empire,

the court physician approved its use as a medicine.

By the mid-1500s, coffee bushes were being cultivated in the Yemen, and for the next hundred years,

this region produced most of the coffee drunk in Africa and the Arab world.

What's particularly interesting about coffee is its effect on social life.

It was rarely drunk at home, but instead people went to coffee houses to drink it.

These people, usually men, would meet to drink coffee and chat about issues of the day.

But at the time, this chance to share ideas and opinions was seen as something that was potentially dangerous,

and in 1623 the ruler of Constantinople demanded the destruction of all the coffee houses in the city,

although after his death many new ones opened and coffee consumption continued.

In the seventeenth century, coffee drinking spread to Europe, and here too, coffee shops became places where ordinary people,

nearly always men, could meet to exchange ideas.

Because of this, some people said that these places performed a similar function to universities.

The opportunity they provided for people to meet together outside their own homes

and to discuss the topics of the day had an enormous impact on social life,

and many social movements and political developments had their origins in coffeehouse discussions.

In the late 1600s, the Yemeni monopoly on coffee production broke down,

and coffee production started to spread around the world, helped by European colonisation.

Europeans set up coffee plantations in Indonesia and the Caribbean, and production of coffee in the colonies skyrocketed.

Different types of coffee were produced in different areas, and it's interesting that the names given to these different types, like mocha or java coffee,

were often taken from the port they were shipped to Europe from.

But if you look at the labour system in the different colonies, there were some significant differences.

In Brazil and the various Caribbean colonies, coffee was grown in huge plantations, and the workers there were almost all slaves.

But this wasn't the same in all colonies.

For example, in Java, which had been colonised by the Dutch, the peasants grew coffee and passed a proportion of this onto the Dutch,

so it was used as a means of taxation.

But whatever system was used, under the European powers of the 18th century, coffee production was very closely linked to colonisation.

Coffee was grown in ever-increasing quantities to satisfy the growing demand from Europe, and it became nearly as important as sugar production,

which was grown under very similar conditions.

However, coffee prices were not yet low enough for people to drink it regularly at home,

so most coffee consumption still took place in public coffee houses and it still remained something of a luxury item.

In Britain, however, a new drink was introduced from China and started to become popular, gradually taking over from coffee.

although at first it was so expensive that only the upper classes could afford it.

This was tea, and by the late 1700s it was being widely drunk.

However, when the USA gained independence from Britain in 1776, they identified this drink with Britain,

and coffee remained the preferred drink in the USA, as it still is today.

So, by the early 19th century, coffee was already being widely produced and consumed.

But during this century, production boomed and coffee prices started to fall.

This was partly because new types of transportation had been developed, which were cheaper and more efficient.

So now, working people could afford to buy coffee.

It wasn't just a drink for the middle classes.

And this was at a time when large parts of Europe were starting to work in industries.

And sometimes this meant their work didn't stop when it got dark.

They might have to continue throughout the night.

So the use of coffee as a stimulant became important.

It wasn't just a drink people drank in the morning for breakfast.

There were also changes in cultivation.

That is the end of Section 4.

You now have half a minute to check your answers.

Thank you.

쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법

쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.

쉐도잉 연습: IELTS Listening Section-4(The History of Coffee) with answers - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

맥락 및 배경

일상 대화를 위한 필수 5개 표현

단계별 쉐도잉 가이드

쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법