쉐도잉 연습: One Man Single Handedly Creates Environmental Disaster | Plainly Difficult - YouTube로 영어 말하기 배우기
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Waste unfortunately is an inevitable part of humans existing on the blue and green ball thing we call home.
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Waste unfortunately is an inevitable part of humans existing on the blue and green ball thing we call home.
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It's hard to argue against that we've done some damage.
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I know Mother Earth will eventually fling us off like a monkey picking a flea.
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Anywho, one such example of mankind defecating on its own doorstep was the Love Canal.
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It's widely regarded as the initiating event that created the Superfund,
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or as I like to call it,
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the plainly difficult content mine.
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My search for new and exciting ways we've buggered things up aside,
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the Superfund program's beginnings can also be attributed to today's subject,
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the Valley of the Drums.
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Yes, I know it sounds like an ancient burial ground for kings long forgotten,
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I mean I wish it was,
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but you are watching a plain difficult video after all,
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so instead it was a big old dumping ground for toxic chemicals.
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Juicy content aside, this story very appropriately shows the reasons why landfills need proper regulation.
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So my name is John and welcome to Plainly Difficult.
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Forward.
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So ever since my video on the Love Canal disaster I've received requests for this video
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and can I just point out that the Love Canal video was all the way back in May 2020.
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Anywho, and nearly four years later, here we are.
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So this video will be based off various reports and papers published by the EPA,
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as well as some other contemporary newspapers and the like.
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And as always, the linkies will be in the description below.
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So sit back, relax, and for the love that all is high and mighty,
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don't touch the rusty waste barrels.
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Background.
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So our story is about this place,
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here, just a few miles away from Louisville,
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Kentucky,
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it's located in north bullet county it is a 23 acre site
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and is owned by this guy a mr taylor i don't actually have a picture of him
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so i took some artistic license to create our own mr
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taylor it's much like the rest of bullet county in
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that it's got some steep slopes thus creating valleys it's the mid 1960s
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and mr taylor can see dollar signs his unused tract of land has presented itself as a potential moneymaker.
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That is a dump site.
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Not only that, but an unlicensed and unregulated dump site.
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Taylor was willing to take on anything and everything to dispose of on his site.
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This made his operation rather popular with some of the more toxic rubbish producers.
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I should say that being unlicensed wasn't necessarily a big of a deal at the time,
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as dumping laws were rather lax in the 1960s.
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His biggest customers were from the paints and coatings industries based around Louisville.
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Soon enough, drum upon drum of waste arrived on his dump site and quickly started stacking up.
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During the early years of the dump,
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which as the EPA would state as starting in 1967,
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Taylor found another little side hustle,
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selling off the used drums for scrap.
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But what to do with the contents of those drums?
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Well, Taylor had a cunning plan.
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He would dig a hole,
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a really big hole, and pour the sweet,
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tasty, and totally safe material out into it.
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This simple and ingenious plan allowed Taylor to scrap out the drums,
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but to a surprise to absolutely no one,
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Taylor didn't line the excavations with any protective coverings,
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allowing the toxic material to permeate into the soil and eventually to the groundwater.
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Nothing good was in those drums as an estimated 140 chemicals made their way into the soil including polychlorinated biphenyls
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which was a carcinogen.
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Now the unlicensed chemical dump site didn't go unnoticed after Taylor was caught burning solvents.
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Contaminating the ground was clearly not enough for him.
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The Kentucky Department of Environmental Protection ordered the burning to stop.
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This resulted in the pits being filled in for soil from the valley.
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The filled-in pits became the foundation for drum storage out in the open,
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which caused leakages as they degraded and rusted away.
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Neighbours of the dump site frequently reported strong pungent chemical odours coming from within.
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In 1975, the Kentucky Department for Environmental Protection began legal proceedings against Taylor after a release of heavy metals
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and carcinogenic chemicals into the nearby Wilson Creek was found.
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Taylor had a cunning ace up his sleeve which allowed him to dodge all responsibility and that was dying in 1977.
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At least the dump site stopped taking in more waste after Taylor's stopping of being alive.
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Now the site had no known owner,
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causing a somewhat awkward legal situation,
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which would slow down any hopes of a clean up.
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Although eventually potential responsible persons were found,
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funding of any clean up would be difficult.
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Plainly difficult.
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For another two years the chemicals would seep into the groundwater,
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be washed off by rainfall and sink deep into the soil around the dump site.
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During this time the EPA was aware of the chemical catastrophe that was just happening in Kentucky,
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and at the request of KDEP would undertake surveys of the dump site.
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The EPA would end up doing some emergency works to slow
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down the chemical release as stated in the EPA record of decision.
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By constructing interceptor trenches and a temporary water treatment system,
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securing leaking drums and segregating and organising drums on site.
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During the emergency work the EPA tested the site and found this list of chemicals.
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The The work the EPA had done so far was not the be all
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and end all and thus a more permanent solution was needed.
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Cleanup.
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So the site was home to tens of thousands of drums of chemicals.
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By the 1980s the site had degraded further still
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and started in 1981 the EPA led a clean up program of removing and disposing of the drums.
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This took nearly 8 years over 4 removal actions.
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The drainage system was updated and handed over to KDEP to manage and maintain.
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But although a large amount of the contamination had been removed,
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nothing had been done about the thousands of tons of buried chemicals and drums.
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This would require a new plan.
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Multiple options were suggested in the 1986 record of decision,
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including complete removal and disposal of the material, either on-site or off-site.
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but the option preferred was to keep the material on site
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and contain it this would involve a perimeter drainage system a program of soil monitoring wells for groundwater monitoring
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and importantly a clay cap to stop runoff all of
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which would be fenced
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and gated off from public access now this would cost in
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the 1980s an estimated 795 000 just for the clay cap design and install a loan.
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So who was to pay?
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Well, this is what would lead to the super fund.
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You see, after Taylor had died,
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tracking down anyone able to pay was very difficult.
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Essentially, this left the EPA holding the bag.
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This, and along with other waste sites,
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led the federal government to seek an alternative way to pay
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for clean-up works this would be the comprehensive environmental response compensation
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and liability act of 1980 or circular
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which placed sites requiring remediation on a national priorities list
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which would be funded by the superfund now there's a lot more to it
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but that will be maybe for another video for me to describe
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so remediation at the valley of the drums would continue into
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the 1990s with the site being removed from the national priorities list in 1996.
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Even though off the list issues continued right up until 2008 when more waste was discovered just off site also requiring removal.
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KDEP continues to maintain the drainage monitoring system to this day
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and regular checks are done on the clay cap and so far it mostly looks okay.
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The site is still fenced off from the the public and thankfully so far no contamination has migrated into nearby Wilson Creek.
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Amazingly, there has not been a massive human cost.
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Nearby properties don't use their wells due to poor yield and because of this many are linked up to the municipal water.
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The Valley of the Drums became less known compared to the Love Canal disaster which happened around the same time.
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This is because, well, the human cost.
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A whole suburb didn't need to get relocated and as such it was much easier to forget.
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The environment was still pretty damaged requiring a lot of money to fix
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and it could have been far worse if left to decay.
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It does highlight the risks of unmanaged dump sites.
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Luckily with the value of the drums it was contained but at a cost.
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So what did you get on your bingo card?
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This is what I've got and I'll put the value of the drums on a number two on my disaster scale.
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Do you agree?
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i'd like to say thanks to art from gamer from mars
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for his cameo this is the plain different production all videos
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on the channel creative commons attribution share like license plain videos
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are produced by me john the currently very cold corner of southern london uk i don't know
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if you can tell but i've got a pretty nasty cold at the moment
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and as such my voice is sounding pretty haggard
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but anyway i'd like to thank my patreon
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and youtube members for your financial support
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and all that's left to say is thank you miss thank you for watching and mr music play us out
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주요 어휘 및 구문
- waste - 쓰레기
- environmental disaster - 환경 재앙
- toxic chemicals - 독성 화학물질
- landfill - 매립지
- dumping ground - 폐기장
- regulation - 규제
- unlicensed - 면허 없는
- scrap - 고철
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