쉐도잉 연습: The Nervous System In 9 Minutes - YouTube로 영어 말하기 배우기

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The Great and Mighty Nervous System Or the brain as most of us call it.
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The Great and Mighty Nervous System Or the brain as most of us call it.
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What makes this organ unique is that within it lies the ability for humans to know oneself.
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This feature distinguishes and sets the human species apart from the rest of creation.
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This ability is known as consciousness or intelligence.
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To begin, let's look at the primary function of the nervous system.
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The basic purpose is to coordinate all of the activities of the body.
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It enables the body to respond and adapt to changes that occur both inside and outside the body.
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Now the nervous system is actually split into two parts.
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The central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.
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We'll explore the peripheral later,
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but first, let's look at the central nervous system.
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The central nervous system is made up of two major structures,
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the brain and the spinal cord.
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As most people know, the brain is found within the cranium or skull.
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And there are six main sections among other structures within it.
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These six sections are the cerebrum,
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cerebellum, diencephalon, the midbrain, pons, and the medulla oblongata.
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The first section is the cerebrum.
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This is the largest section.
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It's divided into two major hemispheres,
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which are the right and left hemisphere.
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And the cerebrum is further divided into four lobes.
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These four lobes are the frontal,
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the parietal, the temporal, and the occipital.
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The frontal lobe is primarily responsible for reasoning and thought.
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The parietal is primarily responsible for integrating sensory information.
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The temporal is primarily responsible for processing auditory information from the ears.
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and the occipital is primarily responsible for processing visual information from the eyes.
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The second section of the brain is the cerebellum.
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This is the section located in the back of the head,
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below the cerebrum and above the first cervical of the neck.
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It is responsible for muscle coordination,
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balance, posture and muscle tone.
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The diencephalon section is found between the cerebrum and the midbrain.
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It contains two structures, the thalamus and the hypothalamus.
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The thalamus behaves much like a relay station and directs sensory impulses to the cerebrum.
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And the hypothalamus controls and regulates autonomic nervous system functions such as temperature,
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appetite, water balance, sleep, and blood vessel constriction and dilation.
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The hypothalamus also plays a role in the emotions such as anger,
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fear, pleasure, pain, and defection.
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The midbrain section is located below the cerebrum at the top of the brain stem.
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It is responsible for certain eye and auditory reflexes.
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The pons is located below the midbrain and in the brain stem.
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It is responsible for certain reflex actions such as chewing,
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tasting, and saliva production.
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And the last section is the medulla oblongata.
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It's the lowest part of the brain stem
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and it connects with the spinal cord and is responsible for regulating heart and blood vessel function,
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digestion, respiration, swallowing, coughing, sneezing and blood pressure.
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It's also known as the center for respiration.
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Now that we've covered the brain,
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let's take a look at the other half of the central nervous system, the spinal cord.
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The spinal cord is the link between the brain and the nerves in the rest of the body.
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The spinal cord is divided into four different regions,
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the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and the afferent and efferent spinal nerves,
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which merge to form the peripheral nerves.
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The afferent spinal nerves are responsible for carrying information from the body to the brain.
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And the efferent spinal nerves are responsible for carrying information from the brain to the body.
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Now within this elaborate system of nerves,
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neurons and dendrites, there is a system
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that regulates the functions of the central nervous system
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which lie outside its major components such as the brain and the spinal cord.
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This system is known as the peripheral nervous system and is subdivided into two smaller systems,
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the somatic system and the autonomic nervous system.
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The somatic nervous system is responsible for carrying motor and sensory information both to and from the central nervous system.
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This system is made up of nerves that connect to the skin,
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sensory organs, and all skeletal muscles.
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The somatic system is also responsible for nearly all voluntary muscle movements as well as for processing sensory information
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that arrives via external stimuli including hearing, touch, and sight.
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The structures that allow this communication to happen between the nerves throughout the body
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and the central nervous system are known as the afferent sensory neurons and the efferent motor neurons.
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Afferent simply means conducting inward and efferent means conducting outward.
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So just like in the spinal nerves,
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the afferent neurons take information from the nerves to the central nervous system
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and the efferent neurons take information from the central nervous system to the muscle fibers throughout the body.
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The Autonomic Nervous System is further divided into the Sympathetic Nervous System and the Parasympathetic Nervous System.
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The Sympathetic Nervous System is vital to our survival.
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Have you ever heard of the fight or flight response to danger?
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The Sympathetic Nervous System revs up the body when confronted with imminent danger to either defend yourself or to escape the threat.
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The parasympathetic nervous system is the counterbalance to the sympathetic response to danger,
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whether real or imagined.
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Once the threat is gone,
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the parasympathetic brings all the systems of the body back to normal.
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Now at this point you should have a basic understanding of the nervous system,
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but let's do a quick recap.
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The basic purpose of the nervous system is to coordinate all the activities of the body.
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It enables the body to respond and adapt to changes that occur both inside and outside the body.
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The two major parts to the nervous system are the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.
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The central nervous system is also divided into two major structures,
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the brain and the spinal cord.
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The brain is found within the skull or cranium and it is made up of six main sections.
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These six sections are the cerebrum,
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cerebellum, diencephalon, the midbrain, pons and the medulla oblongata.
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The other half of the central nervous system is the spinal cord
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and the spinal cord is the link between the brain and the nerves and the rest of your body.
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The spinal cord is divided into four different regions.
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The cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and afferent and efferent spinal nerves which merge to form the peripheral nerves.
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Now that we know the brain and spinal cord primarily make up the central nervous system,
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let's look at the peripheral nervous system.
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The peripheral nervous system is essentially the nervous system outside of the brain and spinal cord.
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The peripheral nervous system is then subdivided into two smaller systems called the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system.
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So as you can see,
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the nervous system is quite complex and this is just the tip of the iceberg.
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Thanks for watching.
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Look for more videos on the nervous system at cteskills.com.

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비디오에서는 다음과 같은 문법 구조와 표현이 사용됩니다:

  • is made up of - 특정 구성 요소로 이루어져 있다는 표현. 예를 들어, "The central nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord." (중추 신경계는 뇌와 척수로 이루어져 있다.)
  • is responsible for - 어떤 것의 책임이 있다는 구조. "The frontal lobe is responsible for reasoning and thought." (전두엽은 사고와 추론의 책임이 있다.)
  • behaves much like - 유사성을 나타내는 표현. "The thalamus behaves much like a relay station." (시상은 중계 스테이션처럼 작용한다.)

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  • cerebrum - 이 단어는 발음이 어렵습니다. '세레브럼'이라고 발음합니다.
  • hypothalamus - 매우 긴 단어로, '하이포설라무스'로 발음합니다. 이 단어를 연습할 때는 느리게 발음하고, 각 음절을 분리하여 연습하는 것이 좋습니다.
  • medulla oblongata - '메둘라 올롱가타'라는 발음은 특히 외국인에게는 도전이 될 수 있습니다. 이 단어도 여러 번 반복해서 연습하세요.

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