์‰๋„์ž‰ ์—ฐ์Šต: ๐Ÿ” UART Serial Communication in Arduino | TX, RX, Baud & Devices Explained - ์˜์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜์–ด ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ธฐ

๋ ˆ์Šจ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์ค‘...
1
Hi!
2
Today let's talk about UART, the serial communication used by Arduino.
3
It works with just two wires, TX to RX and RX to TX.
4
It also needs a basic configuration, baud rate, data bits, parity, and stop bits.
5
TX means transmit, the pin that sends data.
6
RX means receive, the pin that gets the data.
7
A common setup?
8
9600 baud, 8 in 1.
9
It can transmit and receive simultaneously.
10
This is called full duplex.
11
But note, boards like the Arduino Uno share UART with the USB port, so real simultaneous communication may be limited.
12
To use full duplex with devices like Bluetooth, GPS, or another Arduino, just make sure the baud rate, parity, and voltage levels match.
13
It's used to connect all kinds of modules, including USB to TTL, GPS with NMEA, and more.
14
UART uses TTL logic levels, usually 5 volts or 3.3 volts.
15
Use a level shifter if needed.
16
This is the waveform, start bit dash, data bits, dash, stop bit.
17
Simple and powerful.
18
Now you know how devices talk using UART.

๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋งฅ๋ฝ

์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ์•„๋‘์ด๋…ธ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” UART ์ง๋ ฌ ํ†ต์‹ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. UART๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์™€์ด์–ด๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, TX๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ „์†ก, RX๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ˆ˜์‹  ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ†ต์‹  ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์„ค์ •์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ณด๋“œ๋ ˆ์ดํŠธ, ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋น„ํŠธ, ํŒจ๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ ๋น„ํŠธ, ์ •์ง€ ๋น„ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋‘์ด๋…ธ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ณด๋“œ๋Š” USB ํฌํŠธ์™€ UART๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ๋™์‹œ ํ†ต์‹ ์€ ์ œํ•œ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋น„๋””์˜ค์—์„œ๋Š” UART๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ๊ณผ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์„ ์œ„ํ•œ 5๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ

  • TX๋Š” ์ „์†ก์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • RX๋Š” ์ˆ˜์‹ ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์„ค์ •: 9600 ๋ณด๋“œ๋ ˆ์ดํŠธ, 8 ๋น„ํŠธ, 1 ํŒจ๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ.
  • ๋™์‹œ ์ „์†ก ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์‹ ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ ๋ณ€ํ™˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.

๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ž ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ

์ด ๋น„๋””์˜ค์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ž˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ , ์˜์–ด ๋ฐœ์Œ ๊ต์ • ๋ฐ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”:

  1. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์‹œ์ฒญ: ๋จผ์ €, ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ํ๋ฆ„์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
  2. ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต: ๋น„๋””์˜ค์—์„œ ๋“ค์€ 5๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ฐœ์Œ๊ณผ ์–ต์–‘์„ ์ฒดํฌํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. Shadowspeak ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒˆ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋งํ•ด๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  3. ๋ถ€๋ถ„์”ฉ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ธฐ: ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ์ž์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์„ ํŠน์ • ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์—ฐ์Šตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์— ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฐœ์Œ์„ ๊ต์ •ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
  4. ๋ฌธ๋งฅ ์ดํ•ด: ๊ฐ ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, TX์™€ RX์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ์™€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
  5. ์ผ์ƒ ๋Œ€ํ™” ์ ์šฉ: ์—ฐ์Šต์ด ๋๋‚œ ํ›„, ๋ฐฐ์šด ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์„ ์‹ค์ œ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆ์ผ€์ด์…˜์— ์ ์šฉํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์นœ๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์‹ค์ œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์˜์–ด ํ‘œํ˜„๋ ฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  shadow speech ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ณ  ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์‰๋„์ž‰์ด๋ž€? ์˜์–ด ์‹ค๋ ฅ์„ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ‚ค์šฐ๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

์‰๋„์ž‰(Shadowing)์€ ์›๋ž˜ ์ „๋ฌธ ํ†ต์—ญ์‚ฌ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ์–ธ์–ด ํ•™์Šต ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ, ๋‹ค์–ธ์–ด ํ•™์ž์ธ Dr. Alexander Arguelles์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋Œ€์ค‘ํ™”๋œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์›๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์˜ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋“ค์œผ๋ฉด์„œ 1~2์ดˆ์˜ ์งง์€ ์ง€์—ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ‰์‹œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ๋‚ด์–ด ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒโ€”โ€”๋งˆ์น˜ '๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ž(shadow)'์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ™”์ž๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ณต๋ถ€๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜๋™์ ์ธ ์ฒญ์ทจ์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ, ์‰๋„์ž‰์€ ๋‡Œ์™€ ์ž… ๊ทผ์œก์ด ๋™์‹œ์— ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žฌํ˜„ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ›ˆ๋ จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋ฐœ์Œ ์ •ํ™•๋„, ์–ต์–‘, ๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ, ์—ฐ์Œ, ์ฒญ์ทจ๋ ฅ, ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ ์ฐฝ์„ฑ์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. IELTS ์Šคํ”ผํ‚น ์ค€๋น„์™€ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์˜์–ด ์†Œํ†ต์„ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํŠนํžˆ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.