쉐도잉 연습: White spot disease is crippling Australia's prawn industry - and imports are to blame | Landline - YouTube로 영어 말하기 배우기
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White Spot is back in the waterway.
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White Spot is back in the waterway.
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Living on our savings, most of us,
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there's quite a few that,
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you know, they're doing nothing.
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The biosecurity risk is not limited purely to prawn.
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It is all unprocessed, uncooked seafood that comes into this country.
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It is going to bite the government.
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It's not a matter of if,
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it is purely a matter of when.
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For well over 100 years,
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the Clarence River in northern New South Wales has been a source of food and work.
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Recently that's changed.
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Trawling for prawns runs deep into the make-up of this community and it's in trouble.
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It's been a long track for the last three years and not being able to work on the small
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prawn industry type of prawn.
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It's to the stage now where we've virtually given up hope.
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The issue, White Spot is back in the waterway.
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Glen Dawson is the Clarence River Prawn Committee Chair.
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He says the people of the region are struggling and doing their best to survive.
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Living on our savings, most of us.
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There's a few of us are lucky enough to be able to go and catch mullet and catch other fish.
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There's quite a few that, yeah, they're doing nothing.
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And trying to get them onto Centrelink,
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which we've tried to help them all out in, bloody near impossible.
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So what is white spot?
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White spot is a highly contagious disease of crustaceans that can kill farm prawns and other farm crustaceans quickly.
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While crustaceans can carry white spot and be affected,
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but population impacts like those seen in farm crustaceans are not known to occur.
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White spot does not affect people and New South Wales prawns and seafood remain safe to eat.
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In 2022, white spot was first detected in an enclosed hatchery facility on the Clarence River
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and then later in 2023 it was detected in local prawn farms.
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The New South Wales DPI are being cautious.
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The fishers themselves say there are flaws in the testing.
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No white spot in the river never ever has been.
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It's only in the ocean.
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And we believe the last test in the ocean was caused by the cyclone we had there 12 months ago.
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That current from Queensland, where the white spot is predominant up there,
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that current run at over five knots down the east coast.
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And we believe those problems come from up there.
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Melissa Walker is the manager for aquatic biosecurity programs at New South Wales Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development.
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She says it's reasonable to ask why the river is being treated as a hot zone,
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a place where biosecurity restrictions apply.
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Being a wild school prawn population that it was detected in later in 2024
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and then in 2025 outside of Evans and Richmond and the Glarence Rivers in 2025,
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we were unable to separate those areas between the river and that near offshore area in the oceanic populations.
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There are no vaccines for white spot,
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so treating them en masse isn't an option.
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And the only way of killing the disease is by cooking the prawns.
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Currently, under the New South Wales Biosecurity White Spot Control Order,
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the requirements are that prawns must be cooked before they move outside of the zone.
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This means fishers must cook prawns on their trawlers
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and farmers at their facilities if they want to sell them beyond the local area.
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Uncooked or green prawns must stay within the zone for local sale or consumption.
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If people want to move green prawns to a specific land-based facility outside the zone,
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they have to apply for a permit and have a strict approved biosecurity plan.
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The same goes for other crustaceans like crabs or marine worms.
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The intergenerational fishing that has happened on this beautiful Clarence River up until this year has run four,
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five generations deep.
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But with the new restrictions on prawn trawling,
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they're saying
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that only about five boats could make a living out of what used to be 40 boats trawling on this river.
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This river is unlike any other river in Australia.
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We predominantly catch small prawns here.
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The Asian market like those small green prawns and also the bait.
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You know, bait goes Australia wide from this river and we'll no longer be able to do that.
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So, yeah.
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Across the border near Queensland's Gold Coast,
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prawn farms on the Logan River were one of Australia's first white spot hotspots.
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Detected in late November 2016,
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the disease infected seven farms along this river.
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All through to February 2017 and it actually devastated all of the prawn farms here
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and they were all shut down for over a year while they fallowed and tried to do as much biosecurity as possible.
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Facing a threat never before seen in Australia,
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biosecurity departments and local growers were pushed to their limits.
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The farms acted immediately, sealing their gates and stopping water exchange to prevent further spread.
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They were soon overwhelmed, not just by the disease,
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but by the waves of scientists and officials who arrived to investigate.
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Kim Hooper is the executive officer of the Australian Prawn Farmers Association.
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She says almost 10 years on, prawn farming has changed.
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Now here in the Gold Coast area they are operating very successfully.
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The reason being is that they have put in a lot more biosecurity.
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They did have biosecurity before
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but it's very hard to have biosecurity for something you didn't know was here in the first place or had come here.
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Shannon Moore is the general manager at Gold Coast Tiger Prawns.
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The farm has been operating for 40 years.
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And they're big.
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selling between 600 to 800 tonnes per year has taken a lot of work and investment to recover.
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We farm with a lot less water,
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with a lot less risk.
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We've bought some really expensive equipment to help us filter out
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the water to make sure things are as safe as we can possibly make it.
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But that risk is always there for us.
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It's a risk that if White Spot was to enter our farm again,
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there's a very good chance that we won't be able to farm on this land ever again,
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especially not with tiger prawns,
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which I think would be a massive tragedy.
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Even with all those checks and balances,
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Queensland's prawn farmers, like those in New South Wales,
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have strict rules around selling.
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Dr Stephen Wesch is the principal scientist with the Animal Biosecurity Team at Biosecurity Queensland.
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For prawn farmers, they have to first cook their prawns if they want to move them outside of the area,
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which does create a few issues for the farmers.
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Obviously there's a loss of access for the green prawns market,
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but effectively that's the only treatment available.
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They're free to continue to sell green prawns within the area,
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but everything needs to be cooked if it's going to be moved outside.
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I think we still make the best prawns in the world.
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I really have no question about that effort that we put in,
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the fact that like best aquaculture practice is one of the global standards that we operate under.
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Most of the things inside that came from Australian prawn farms
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because we were known to be doing it the best of anybody in the world.
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So now the rest of the world has to keep up with us.
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What's the issue for you at the moment when it comes to White Spot?
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Well right now I guess we're sitting in a world where the thing
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that brought White Spot to Australia in the first place is still happening.
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There's still imported raw prawns coming in every single day.
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The rules in Queensland aren't just restricted to prawn farmers.
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Like New South Wales, there are fewer trawlers than there used to be.
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White spots out there in wild populations,
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particularly in Moreton Bay, within the control area.
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So what we have in place there are movement restrictions so
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that we're not unknowingly spreading the virus outside with that product as it moves around.
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Another heavy blow for the industry has come from the far north,
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where there hasn't been an incursion of white spot.
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One of the country's largest wild prawn providers,
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Raptors and Sons, has closed operation in Karumba,
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citing significant price slumps from market oversupply and high operational costs.
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It's that market oversupply that has the whole of industry concerned.
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David Bobberman is the executive officer of the Queensland Seafood Industry Association.
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He says a federal government proposal of relaxation of import rules for raw prawns poses a major problem.
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Oh, what a disaster.
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How dare the federal government under free trade agreements tell the Australian public
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that they're quite open to allowing biosecurity risks to come into this nation.
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It beggars belief.
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It is just not acceptable.
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The community needs to stand up and tell the government that this sort of behaviour is not applicable.
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We don't import raw pork unless it's going to be processed straight away.
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He says the risk comes when uninformed consumers take raw seafood to use as bait,
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inadvertently introducing the biosecurity risk into the broader ecosystem.
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Australia imports thousands of tonnes of unprocessed seafood every year.
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The biosecurity risk is not limited purely to prawn.
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It is all unprocessed, uncooked seafood that comes into this country.
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It is going to bite the government at some stage.
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It's not a matter of if,
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it is purely a matter of when.
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Kim Hooper is just as angry.
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The government are currently looking at a compliance-based scheme for three countries that have asked for it.
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And two of those countries have white spot.
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The proposed compliance-based scheme means relying on those countries to test for disease before they leave their ports.
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They'll be randomly tested at the Australian border.
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Instead of mandatory testing of every container.
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So when I talk about that country that had 4,500 containers
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and 20 of them had white spot that they said did not,
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that is one of the countries that has asked for that relaxed biosecurity coming in.
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Landline requested an interview with Julie Collins, Australia's Minister for Fisheries.
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Her office has provided this statement instead.
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The Australian government will never compromise on biosecurity
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and there has been no change in import policy for prawns imported into Australia for human consumption.
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David Bubberman says the solution is clear.
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Is there anything that those big retailers who are selling imported seafood should be doing?
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I would like to see them stop retailing it.
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Quite honestly, we're a country that is surrounded by sea.
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We have an enormous amount of seaford out there.
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It's sustainably harvested.
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It is the highest quality out there.
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For Glen and people working on the Clarence River,
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the reality of this situation is evident.
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I'm getting to the age where I'm ready to retire,
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but the younger fishermen that have got young families and mortgages, absolutely devastating.
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You worried about them?
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Oh very, very much.
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Yeah.
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Especially the younger ones.
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I do get emotional talking about them.
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Yeah.
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Thank you.
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핵심 어휘 및 구문
- 화이트 스팟(White Spot): 새우에 감염되는 매우 전염성이 강한 질병
- 생물안전(biosecurity): 해양 및 농업 자원을 보호하기 위한 조치
- 수산물(seafood): 해양에서 수확한 식품, 여기서는 새우를 포함함
- 시험(testing): 질병 감염 여부를 조사하는 절차
- 해양(current): 바다가 흐르는 방향과 속도
- 조리(cooking): 질병을 죽이기 위해 식품을 요리하는 과정
- 민물 새우(freshwater prawns): 담수에서 서식하는 새우
- 전염성(contagious): 질병이 쉽게 퍼질 수 있는 성질
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