Shadowing Practice: Understanding Carotid Artery Stenosis: Symptoms & Treatment through Carotid Artery Stenting #stent - Learn English Speaking with YouTube

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Stroke is the second most common cause of death worldwide after heart attack and is the leading cause of long-term disability.
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Stroke is the second most common cause of death worldwide after heart attack and is the leading cause of long-term disability.
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One in five patients of ischemic strokes are caused by narrowing
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of the carotid artery by the condition known as carotid artery atheroscortic disease.
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I am Dr. Sandeep Burathoki.
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I am international neuroradiologist and today we are going to talk about this condition known as carotid artery stenosis,
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symptoms caused by it and its prevention and its treatment.
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Our brain is supplied by four arteries in the neck,
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two carotid arteries in front and two vertebral arteries at the back side of the neck.
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80% of the blood supply to the brain comes from the two carotid artery.
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Due to certain unhealthy lifestyle and presence of certain risk factors like smoking and high blood cholesterol,
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bad cholesterol starts depositing within the layers of carotid artery.
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This fat accumulation is known as atherosclerotic plaque in medical terms.
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In due course of time,
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the atherosclerotic plaque caused carotid artery stenosis.
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Frequently, this atherosclerotic plaque get ulcerated and rupture,
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causing the formation of blood clot at that local site,
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and this blood clot can break into smaller pieces and migrate distally into the brain circulation causing ischemic stroke.
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Stroke will present a sudden onset of focal neurological deficit like sudden onset of limb weakness or speech difficulty.
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Patient may say that he is not able to speak,
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not able to take the name of the object or there could be a slurring of speech.
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Frequently these symptoms are short lasting.
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They may last for 5 to 15 minutes and they recover completely.
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We say this kind of episode as mini stroke or minor stroke
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or commonly they known as transient ischemic attack or TIA in short form.
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If someone get this kind of minor strokes multiple episodes within hours
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or within days this could be a red flag sign
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and could suggest impending major stroke so one should not delay and should reach out to the neurologist urgently.
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Sometimes the carotid artery stenosis is so severe
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that the blood flow to the brain is severely compromised
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and patient may have attack of these symptoms while he is doing exercise
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or he suddenly stand up or he is chewing the food.
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Sometimes these symptoms are precipitated by keeping a long fast or by dehydration even by vomiting.
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Risk of stroke depends on the severity of carotid arteriosthenosis.
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If the carotid arteriosthenosis is more than 70 percent the risk of stroke is significantly increased and treatment is highly recommended.
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There are two ways to treat this carotid artery stenosis.
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One way is surgical known as carotid end arthritmi and another way is endovascular non-surgical technique known as carotid artery stenting.
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In carotid artery stenting procedure,
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we take a catheter selectively to the site of blocked carotid artery or stenosed carotid artery
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and we deploy the self-expanding stent at that place.
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This stent will expand and displace the atheroscortic plaque to the periphery of the artery
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and open the lumen of the artery and the blood flow to the brain is increased.
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This is the carotid stent which we place at the site of the carotid artery stenosis.
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This stent is self-expandable, made up of nitinol
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and it is inert to the body and it does not hurt and it becomes a part of the body.
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Carotid artery stenting procedure is a non-surgical treatment option.
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It is a safe treatment option and hospital stays short.
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Recovery is fast.
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If you are diagnosed with carotid artery stenosis,
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do not hesitate to contact us.

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About This Lesson

In this lesson, you will practice your English speaking and listening skills by focusing on the medical topic of carotid artery stenosis, including its symptoms, causes, and treatment options. By engaging with this transcript, you will not only enhance your understanding of medical vocabulary but also improve your pronunciation and fluency. This content is particularly useful for learners interested in health-related discussions, enabling you to communicate effectively in both professional healthcare settings and casual conversations.

Key Vocabulary & Phrases

  • Carotid artery stenosis: Narrowing of the carotid arteries that can lead to stroke.
  • Atherosclerotic plaque: Fatty deposit in the arteries that can block blood flow.
  • Transient ischemic attack (TIA): A temporary blockage of blood flow to the brain, often referred to as a mini stroke.
  • Neurologist: A medical doctor specializing in disorders of the nervous system.
  • Carotid artery stenting: A non-surgical procedure to open narrowed carotid arteries.
  • Symptoms: Signs indicating the presence of a medical condition.
  • Risk factors: Conditions or behaviors that increase the chance of developing a disease.
  • Blood clot: A mass of blood that can block blood flow, potentially leading to a stroke.

Practice Tips

To maximize your learning experience using the shadowing technique, follow these tips:

  • Listen closely to the video at a natural speed and pay attention to the intonation and rhythm of the speaker.
  • As you listen, pause after each sentence or phrase and repeat it aloud, mimicking the speaker’s tone and pronunciation. This will help you improve English pronunciation significantly.
  • Utilize a shadowspeaks approach: consistently practice shadowing two or three times a week to reinforce your skills.
  • Focus on the key vocabulary phrases listed above, and incorporate them into your sentences when practicing. This will enhance your vocabulary retention.
  • Record yourself while practicing the shadowing technique. Listen to your recordings afterwards to identify areas for improvement.

By following these strategies, you can effectively apply the shadowing technique to this video content and continue to advance your English language skills via this dedicated shadowing site.

What is the Shadowing Technique?

Shadowing is a science-backed language learning technique originally developed for professional interpreter training and popularized by polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. The method is simple but powerful: you listen to native English audio and immediately repeat it out loud — like a shadow following the speaker with just a 1–2 second delay. Unlike passive listening or grammar drills, shadowing forces your brain and mouth muscles to simultaneously process and reproduce real speech patterns. Research shows it significantly improves pronunciation accuracy, intonation, rhythm, connected speech, listening comprehension, and speaking fluency — making it one of the most effective methods for IELTS Speaking preparation and real-world English communication.

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