跟读练习: Git Explained in 100 Seconds - 通过视频学习英语口语
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Git, a system for keeping track of changes that happen across a set of files.
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Open a directory on your local system with an editor like VS Code.
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Then run git init from the command line.
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You just created a git repository or repo.
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It lives in this hidden git directory and keeps track of all the changes that happen to these files.
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As you work on a codebase, you take snapshots or commits of the current state of these files.
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Every commit has a unique ID and is linked to its parent, and this means we can travel back in time to a previous version of our files.
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Notice how our source control icon is lit up.
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Currently, all of our files are untracked because we need to add them to the repo.
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Run git add to include or stage these files in the repo, then create a snapshot of their current state by running git
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commit along with a message about what you did to these files.
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Congratulations, you just created the first commit on the head of the master branch in this repo.
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The changed files disappeared and you're now on a clean working directory.
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The head represents the most recent commit.
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If we make some changes, commit them to the repo, the head moves forward, but we still have a reference to our previous commit
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so we can can always go back to it.
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But the thing about software is that it's developed in a non-linear fashion.
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You might have multiple teams working on different features for the same codebase simultaneously.
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Git makes that possible by branching.
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Create one by running git branch, and then run git checkout to move into that branch.
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You can now safely work on your feature in this branch without affecting the code or files in the master branch.
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The commits you make here live in an alternate universe with its own unique history.
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At some point though, you'll likely want to merge this history with the history in the master branch.
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When When you're ready, go back to the master branch by running git checkout, then run git merge on your alternate universe.
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The tip of your feature branch now becomes the head of the master branch, or in other words, our fragmented universe has become one.
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Unless you ran into a merge conflict, in which case you'll just have to wait for the sequel.
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This has been Git Explained in 100 seconds.
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If you want to see more short videos like this, make sure to hit the like button, subscribe, and let me know what you think in the comments.
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Thanks for watching, and I'll see you in the next one.
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这节 B2 级别的口语课以视频“Git Explained in 100 Seconds”为素材。 视频中反复出现的词有：git, files, branch, commit, repo。 这段视频共有 29 个句子、452 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 1:53。 说话人语速较快，每分钟约 240 个词，会出现较多连读和弱读。 83% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，其余的词建议在练习前先学一下。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中最难的 13 个单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| merge 动词 | /mɝd͡ʒ/ | 合并 |
| directory 名词 | /dɪˈɹɛktəɹi/ | 名錄 /名录, 簿 |
| codebase 名词 | 代碼庫 /代码库 | |
| checkout 名词 | /ˈt͡ʃɛkˌaʊt/ | 收款處 /收款处 |
| initialize 动词 | /ɪˈnɪʃəlaɪz/ | 初始化 |
| repository 名词 | /ɹɪˈpɒz.ɪ.t(ə.)ɹɪ/ | 倉庫 /仓库 |
| fragment 名词 | /ˈfɹæɡmənt/ | 碎片, 碎屑 |
| sequel 名词 | /ˈsiːkwəl/ | 續集 /续集 |
| subscribe 动词 | /səbˈskɹaɪb/ | 簽署 /签署 |
| disappear 动词 | /dɪsəˈpɪɹ/ | 消失 |
| linear 形容词 | /ˈlɪn.i.əɹ/ | 线性 |
| icon 名词 | /ˈaɪ.kɑn/ | 聖像 /圣像 |
| simultaneously 副词 | /ˌsaɪmlˈteɪnɪəsli/ | 同時地 /同时地 |
视频中的语法
说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：
| 结构 | 视频中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事 | has become · has been |
| 被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的 | is linked · are untracked |
需要注意的发音
说话人用了 5 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 you'll, you're, I'll。请按听到的简短形式来说。
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: snapshot /ˈsnæpʃɒt/, initialize /ɪˈnɪʃəlaɪz/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: directory /dɪˈɹɛktəɹi/, initialize /ɪˈnɪʃəlaɪz/, repository /ɹɪˈpɒz.ɪ.t(ə.)ɹɪ/, simultaneously /ˌsaɪmlˈteɪnɪəsli/
中文母语者容易读错的音：
- 词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: merge /mɝd͡ʒ/, snapshot /ˈsnæpʃɒt/, checkout /ˈt͡ʃɛkˌaʊt/, alternate /ˈɔl.tɚ.nət/, initialize /ɪˈnɪʃəlaɪz/
- /æ/ — 嘴张大，不要读成 /e/: snapshot /ˈsnæpʃɒt/, fragment /ˈfɹæɡmənt/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 merge, directory, codebase 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。