跟读练习: I DREAM BIG BUT DO NOTHING. the neuroscience behind why & how to fix - 通过YouTube学习英语口语
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If you've ever planned something big and then done absolutely nothing about it,
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If you've ever planned something big and then done absolutely nothing about it,
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it is not because you're lazy.
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There's literally a neurological cycle happening in your brain that prevents you from pursuing your dreams.
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And in this video, I'll explain how it works and how to fix it.
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My name is Olga.
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I study cognitive science and computation at the University of Pennsylvania.
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And after the last four years of studying how the human mind works,
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I think this is probably the most fascinating and most useful thing I learned about.
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So procrastination researcher Tim Pitchell has spent decades studying why people don't do the things that they promised themselves to do.
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And he found that procrastination is not a time management problem.
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Procrastination is an emotion regulation problem.
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And here's what it means.
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When you have something important to do,
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like starting a creative project or submitting an application or doing a workout or an assignment,
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and you think about actually doing it,
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that's when your brain generates a negative emotion.
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It can be self-doubt, overwhelm, anxiety.
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You might have fear that the result is not going to be good enough.
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And your brain does not like negative emotions, so it escapes.
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You start cleaning your room,
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you reorganize your desk, you pick up your phone,
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you start scrolling, and suddenly that negative feeling of dread goes away and you feel relief.
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And here's an interesting part.
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That relief in itself is a reward.
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And in psychology, behaviors that get rewarded get repeated.
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So your brain learns, if I avoid a difficult task,
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that's when I'm going to get that short-term feeling of relief,
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which is something positive.
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And it starts doing it automatically every time you're faced with something difficult.
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And your brain creates something called an avoidance loop,
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where you're faced with a difficult task,
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it triggers a negative emotion,
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then you don't do that task so you feel relief
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and next time you're faced with something difficult you again default to avoidance because that's what triggers relief.
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And here's what's happening in your brain.
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Every time you're faced with a hard task there are two systems
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that are competing for control and the first is your amygdala which is your brain's alarm system.
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It is essentially responsible for detecting threats in the environment and if a task is seeming overwhelming or scary to you,
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it essentially treats that task as a threat.
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So it tells you, don't do this,
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run, this is dangerous, you have to avoid this.
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And the second is the part of your brain that actually makes you act.
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And neuroscientists call it the dorsal interior cingulate cortex.
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Essentially, it takes the fear signal from the amygdala,
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if needed, it shuts it down,
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and then it actually pushes you to do the things that you're supposed to be doing.
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And when you procrastinate, your amygdala is winning,
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which is called an amygdala hijack where essentially your emotional brain overrides your irrational brain
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and you flee from the task and here's why it gets worse
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if you don't address it every time you're going through the
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avoidance loop you feel dreaded towards the task you avoid it
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you feel relief every time you go through this avoidance loop you are physically strengthening the neural pathway for procrastination
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Because as we all know,
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what you repeat, you become.
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So the procrastination circuit gets faster,
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it becomes more of a default behavior for you,
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and your discipline circuit weakens like a muscle that you stopped using.
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So if your brain is training itself to avoid and procrastinate,
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could you theoretically train it to do the complete opposite?
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Well, Tim Pitchell spent 20 years of his career trying to answer that question,
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while the answer is embarrassingly simple.
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And the answer is, you have to just start.
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Just start.
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That's it.
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No need to finish it.
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No need to perform well.
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You just have to start the task for five to ten minutes and not think about the outcome.
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Essentially, you have to learn to interrupt the avoidance loop.
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And here's how you do it.
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Step number one is to catch it and name it.
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And when you notice yourself procrastinating and you notice yourself avoiding something,
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think about the emotion you're experiencing.
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Are you feeling overwhelmed?
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Are you feeling anxious?
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Are you afraid that your result is not going to be good enough?
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Just naming that emotion is enough for you to switch from your emotional mind back into your rational mind.
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And second step is to make your task stupidly small.
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Essentially think about what is the tiniest possible action you can
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set for yourself as the goal just to make at least a little bit of progress.
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For example, don't think that you have to write a whole essay tonight.
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Think, oh my task is to open the document in Google Doc and write for just 10 minutes.
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And don't think, oh I have to do this hour-long workout,
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i'm really dreading it think of your task as just putting on your shoes
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and going outside and the reason why simply starting something for 10 minutes is
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so powerful is
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because the actual process of completing a task is almost always
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much easier than the extreme dread you feel before doing it
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and pichol showed this beautifully in this study where he gave 45 students pagers
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and that was before smartphones existed
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so he gave them pagers he would page them eight times
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a day for five days leading up to their academic deadline on some in some class
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and
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when the pager went off the student was supposed to report
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how they were feeling what they were doing how they were feeling about the academic assignment that they had to do.
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The data showed that the students consistently procrastinated on the tasks that they found difficult or unpleasant or stressful,
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and they consistently replaced them with activities that were more interesting and more exciting.
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And of course we all would do that, right?
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But here's what Pitchell found most interesting.
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When students procrastinated early in the week,
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they would constantly justify it.
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They would constantly say that,
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oh, I work better under pressure,
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I work better close to the deadline,
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I will feel like it tomorrow
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and they would say things like these to explain why they're not doing the task they're supposed to be doing
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but when the deadline actually forced them to start not one of them said
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that they were glad that they waited they were all saying
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that they wish they had more time they wish they started earlier
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and that the task wasn't actually as bad as they thought
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so you're not actually avoiding the task you're avoiding the way
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that you think the task is going to make you feel and your brain is wrong about it almost all the time.
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And now you might be thinking,
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well I don't just sit on the couch doing nothing,
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I'm actually busy all the time,
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so why can I not finally start this project that I've been putting off for months?
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Well there's an answer to that.
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Your brain does not just let you sit there doing nothing
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because that triggers guilt and guilt is is another negative emotion that a medulla is trying to escape.
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So it disguises that avoidance as productivity.
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And there's actually two specific disguises that I want to discuss with you.
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And the first disguise is perfectionism.
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And research has consistently shown that people who score higher on perfectionism are bigger procrastinators.
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Because perfectionism essentially makes you afraid that your result is not going to be good enough,
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which makes you not even start in the first place.
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And researchers found that more perfectionist professors actually publish less papers than their less perfectionist colleagues,
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even if you control for how hardworking they are essentially perfectionism makes you never start
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so you never fall short and disguise number two is productive procrastination
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and this one gets everyone it's the sneakiest one
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because you're not actually sitting on the couch you are doing
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something you're researching you're reorganizing your desk you're planning something you're
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watching videos on youtube about how to be more productive instead
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of actually doing the thing maybe you're even watching this video right now instead of working on your assignment
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or working on your new project i don't know
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and pitchel's research calls this short-term mood repair
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when a real task triggers anxiety
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or overwhelm some negative emotion your brain essentially decides to swap it for a safer
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and less risky task that is still going to give you some sense of accomplishment when you finish it
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but it's going to be without any risk of failure or judgment because that task is going to be less high stakes.
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Like instead of writing an essay,
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you spend an hour color coding your notes.
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Or instead of applying to jobs,
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you spend hours perfecting your resume for the fifth time.
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And instead of starting a business that you've dreamt of starting for years,
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you read 10 books on how to start a business.
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So you feel like you're making some progress but the actual scary task
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that you actually have to do hasn't moved an inch.
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And again remember you're not actually avoiding the task you're avoiding how you think the task is going to make you feel.
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But when you actually start doing it you realize
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that the dread of starting is much worse than doing most of the time.
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So now you know what the avoidance loop looks like,
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how your brain disguises it and how to break it.
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So subscribe if this helped and please let me know in the comments what other topics
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or videos or ideas you would like to see in my YouTube channel.
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And I'm currently building out my YouTube channel so any sort of support or likes or comments would be greatly appreciated.
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And I'll see you in the next one.
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背景與上下文
在當今快節奏的生活中，許多人都有夢想，但卻常常無法付諸實行。這段視頻由擁有賓夕法尼亞大學認知科學及計算專業的研究者Olga所主講。她深入探討了人類心理的運作機制，並揭示了拖延背後的神經科學原理。透過專家對拖延的研究，我們得知，拖延並非單純的時間管理問題，而更多是情感調節的挑戰。這段視頻旨在幫助觀眾理解如何克服這種心理障礙，實現自己的夢想。
日常交流的五個關鍵短語
- 自我懷疑 (self-doubt)：思考重要事項時，常產生的負面情緒。
- 克服挑戰 (overcome challenges)：面對創造性項目或任務時需要的心態。
- 情感調節 (emotion regulation)：管理情感以避免拖延的關鍵能力。
- 回避循環 (avoidance loop)：逃避困難任務所形成的自我強化行為。
- 情緒大腦攻佔 (amygdala hijack)：情感系統壓倒理性思考，使人無法行動。
逐步跟讀指南
想要提高英語發音，跟隨視頻中Olga的講解進行跟讀（shadow speak）是一種非常有效的練習方式。以下是一些步驟，幫助你更好地進行這項練習：
- 重複聆聽：先聽整個視頻一次，注意其中的語調和情感表達。
- 分段學習：將視頻分成小段，每次集中在一段，重複幾遍。
- 模仿發音：根據視頻中的語音，模仿其發音與語調，特別是重音和連音。
- 反思與記錄：聽完後，可以將學到的短語記下，並思考在日常交流中的應用。
- 定期練習：持之以恆地進行此類練習，將有助於提高你的聽力和口語能力。
通過這種方式，即使是觀看YouTube影片學英語，亦可有效地提升你的語言技能！透過shadowspeaks，你將能夠體會更高層次的shadow speech，打造流利自信的英語口語能力。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。