跟读练习: The forgotten developer who saved JavaScript... - 通过YouTube学习英语口语
B2
It's 2009.
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It's 2009.
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You're at a Hannah Montana movie,
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and your phone won't stop buzzing with notifications from a new dating app you just downloaded.
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Your favorite artist is supposed to be releasing a new album next year.
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Your favorite TV show is currently being made into a movie.
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And you're still riding high from arguing how many days are in a week on the bodybuilding.com forums.
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Life is good, at least on the weekends.
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Because during the week, you have to spend all day using the worst programming language ever invented.
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A language that was famously designed in 10 days,
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but after using it, it had you wondering what Brendan did after day two.
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A language that every browser interpreted differently,
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had no standard library, modules,
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or classes, and if your primary job was to write it,
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I'm told you were a massive loser who didn't deserve to feel love.
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At least that's how things were in 2009.
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But over the next decade, that sentiment changed.
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JavaScript went from being a language that you'd never touch directly without putting on a jQuery hazmat suit first,
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to arguably the most popular programming language in the world,
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while JavaScript developers, despite all the stupid stickers on their MacBooks,
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went from being considered script kitties to real programmers with actual feelings and emotions.
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So how exactly did this mass psychosis happen?
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There's a bunch of different reasons,
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but in my opinion,
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I think the most underrated was all led by a single person who has since been forgotten to time, Jeremy Ashkenis.
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In 2009, Jeremy was a developer at Document Cloud,
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where he had the unfortunate task of working on a heavy client-side JavaScript application,
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which was rare at that time.
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Having a background in Ruby,
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but being forced to write JavaScript,
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I assume every morning he'd wake up and think to himself,
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wow, today might be a good day to b***ing b*** myself off the b***ing Golden Gate Bridge.
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But unlike everyone else who had JavaScript Stockholm Syndrome,
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Jeremy had the audacity to think he could fix it,
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and so he did.
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His first act was dealing with the fact that JavaScript had no standard library.
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Again, this was 2009.
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Although Firefox had shipped support for some array helper methods like map,
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reduce, and foreach, Internet Explorer hadn't yet,
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which meant you couldn't use them unless you polyfilled them.
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So to fix this, Jeremy released Underscore.js,
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a utility belt library that contained about 60 helper functions that made it easier to work with the Rays and Objects.
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Now, I know that doesn't sound exciting today,
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but building for the web was so bad back then
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that Underscore likely did save a few people from throwing themselves off the f***ing Golden Gate Bridge.
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Underscore got so popular that many of its features were adopted into the JavaScript language itself,
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which eventually made it obsolete.
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But Underscore was only Jeremy's first act.
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Next, he decided instead of augmenting fish head JavaScript with a new library,
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he'd have more freedom if he just created an entirely new language with large cannons.
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Again, I can't stress this enough,
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the JavaScript in 2009 was very different than it is today.
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There were no classes,
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so inheritance was done through a pattern where you'd manually attach properties to a hidden object called prototype
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that every function had access to.
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The only way to declare a variable had bizarre scoping rules that hoisted declarations to the top of a function,
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whether you were aware of it or not.
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No one really understood or cared about the difference between the equality operator and the identity operator,
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so you'd have a bunch of type coercion happening without even realizing it.
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And to define even a simple function,
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you had to literally type out the word function every single time,
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which led to some pretty ugly code.
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By building a new language that compiled a JavaScript,
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Jeremy could fix it without having to wait for the standards committee or browser vendors to do it themselves.
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And even better, he could leave JavaScript the bad parts in that musty room Brendan spent 10 days in.
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And for a while, CoffeeScript was huge.
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Father DHH adopted it almost overnight,
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and in 2011, it shipped as the default JavaScript preprocessor in Rails 3.1,
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meaning the front end for every new Rails app in the world was suddenly written in CoffeeScript.
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GitHub, Dropbox, and a long list of early 2010 startups adopted it,
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and for a few years,
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it was the default choice for anyone who took JavaScript seriously.
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Today, CoffeeScript is basically dead after its best features were absorbed into JavaScript itself,
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but every time your agent writes a class,
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arrow function, default parameters, a spread operator,
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does string interpolation, or destructures a value, you can thank CoffeeScript.
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But Jeremy still wasn't done yet.
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By 2010, he had given JavaScript a standard library with underscore,
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and a better syntax with CoffeeScript.
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But there was still one massive problem left.
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There was no good way to actually structure a JavaScript application.
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If you wanted to build a large,
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client-side-heavy app, you would still end up with thousands of lines of spaghetti where your data,
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DOM manipulation, and event handlers were all tangled together.
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So in 2010, Jeremy released Backbone.js,
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a tiny library of less than 2,000 lines of code
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that gave JavaScript developers their first real taste of MVC on the front end.
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It introduced models for your data,
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collections for groups of models,
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views for rendering, and an event system that let everything stay in sync without the need to wire it up by hand.
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But for the first time,
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you could build a serious client-side app without it collapsing under its own weight.
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And with Jeremy's track record,
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it quickly caught on, powering the early versions of Trello,
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Airbnb, Hulu, Pinterest, and basically every other startup that needed a real front end between 2011 and 2014.
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If you were a JavaScript developer during that window,
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you almost certainly wrote Backbone,
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and you probably thought it was the future.
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But as it turns out, it wasn't.
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Angular, Ember, and eventually React would make Backbone obsolete by taking its core ideas and pushing them further.
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But Backbone was the library that proved you could actually build client-side heavy applications.
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It's easy to forget how bad JavaScript used to be,
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and even easier to forget the people who fixed it.
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But the modern web was built on top of ideas that Jeremy Ashkenis pioneered,
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even if no one remembers him.
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But speaking of things you no longer have to build yourself,
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Auth is another one, thanks to Clerc,
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the sponsor of today's video.
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They just launched the Clerc CLI,
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which comes with commands that are even more powerful than the ones I saw at that human dog show.
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Just run clerk init in any directory,
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and it'll set up end-to-end authentication for your entire project with custom middleware,
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auth pages, and environment variables.
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It even detects if you're migrating from next auth or auth zero and walks you through the entire process.
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And since they know you're using agents to do all your dirty work,
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they also created clerk skills,
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which ships framework-specific patterns pinned to the CLI version so your coding agent knows exactly how to use it.
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And the clerk API command lets your agent hit the entire clerk backend API from the terminal without copy and pasting credentials.
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Try it out for free today at the link below,
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or just run clerk init to get started.
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Thanks for watching, and I will see you in the next one.
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本课介绍
在这一课中，您将通过视频中生动的故事了解JavaScript的历史，特别是一个被遗忘的开发者，Jeremy Ashkenis，他如何改变了这门编程语言的发展轨迹。我们将专注于提高您的英语发音和理解能力，利用影子跟读（shadow speech）练习，使您在说英语时更加自信流利。
关键词汇与短语
- 编程语言 (programming language)
- 标准库 (standard library)
- 助手函数 (helper functions)
- 客户端应用程序 (client-side application)
- 创建 (create)
- 开发者 (developer)
- 自由 (freedom)
- 流行 (popular)
练习建议
在观看视频时，尝试进行英语影子跟读练习。在您听到每一句话时，暂停一下，尽量模仿视频中讲者的语调与节奏。这种shadowing技术有助于您提高英语发音，并增强口语表达能力。记住，视频中的谈话速度适中，您可以根据需要多次重看，直到您能够流利复述为止。在进行跟读时，注意声调的变化和停顿，这样可以使您的练习更接近于自然的对话。
同时，利用shadowspeaks录制您自己的声音，与视频中的内容进行对比，找出需要改善的地方。有时候，您可能会发现自己在某些特定的词汇或短语上存在发音困难，透过重复练习，您将能更好地掌握这些内容。总之，通过不断的练习与调整，相信您能够在提高英语发音的过程中获得显著进步！
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。