跟读练习: The Horror of the Slaver Ant - 通过视频学习英语口语
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Everything changed when the slaver nation attacked.
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What used to be a thriving colony is now a captured country.
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Slaves do the work, serving their new masters until they die, only to be replaced by new victims harvested in brutal raids.
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But let's go back to the beginning.
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The World War of the Ants is claiming millions of lives every day.
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But in the brutal world of ants, straight-up war is not the only way.
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Around 50 ant species practice slavery, the most extreme division of labor.
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We don't know how this began, but some ant species perfected this cruel trade.
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Meet Polyurgus, the most intense of the slaver ant tribes.
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They're a different species, but generally they're 4 to 10 millimeters long with brown to blackish bodies and sickle-shaped mandibles.
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Polyurgus has specialized in slavery so much that they've lost their ability to care for themselves.
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They don't clean, build nests, care for their brood, or feed themselves.
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They only exist for raiding.
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Slaves make up 80 to 90% of the ants in their colonies, so a few hundred Polyurgus and a single queen control thousands of slave ants.
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We'll summarize and simplify what we know about Polyurgus into one grand story.
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You can find more information in our sources.
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So now, let's witness the cruel banality of nature.
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The Raid.
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It all begins on a mild summer morning on a sunny field.
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Witness this colony of over 10,000 formica ants, genetically cousins of polyurgas, who build a thriving nest underground.
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They are a widespread genus.
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Some species are good fighters, some great builders, and some cattle farmers, often welcomed by humans because they hunt vermin that hurt forests.
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Nobody noticed the lone polyurgas scout that briefly showed up this morning before she bolted away again.
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The attack begins in the early afternoon.
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The scout returns from her mission to find the formica nests.
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She dances erratically and spreads pheromones that excite and mass recruit more
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and more ants until a large raiding party of a thousand warrior S's has formed.
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A close-packed, well-organized column, up to 10 meters long, begins to move.
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As the Polyurgus raiding party arrives at the formica colony, the attack begins almost immediately.
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Dozens of attackers begin digging and clearing up debris from the nest's entrance to make it easier to storm.
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As soon as they're done, hundreds of the attackers rush inside.
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The defenders vastly outnumber their attackers and are formidable warriors able to shoot acid.
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But instead of fighting back effectively, they seem confused and scatter rather than fighting back.
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Polyurgus also seems to be somewhat resistant to the acid sprays of the defenders.
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so even if a defense is forming, the attackers use their mandibles to pierce and kill.
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There are a few different ideas as to why Polyergus attacks are so efficient, and one of the most fascinating ones is chemical warfare.
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Instead of relying on brute force, they release a propaganda pheromone that makes the defenders panic, unable to mount an organized defense.
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The attackers have nothing to gain from intense ant-to-ant combat other than immense casualties.
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What's more, they actually want their victims to survive so that they can be raided again in a few weeks.
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As the raid unfolds, the attackers breach deep into the colony, looking for their most valuable possession, the colonists' babies.
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They grab the pupae and larvae that will make up the next generation of Formica and carry them out of the nest.
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Hundreds are abducted and brought back to the Polyogas colony in this raid alone.
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Well, most of them.
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A few unlucky ones are eaten as a sort of snack.
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The surviving victims will be turned into slaves.
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After about an hour, the raid is over and the formica can begin to recover.
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It seems their only strategy is to make even more ants.
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A decent-sized colony can forfeit thousands of pupae in a single raiding season and still survive.
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Although in this case, while the raid was going on, something even more sinister happened.
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Hold that thought though, because how are Polyurgus turning ants into slaves?
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How to brainwash ant slaves?
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Ants conquered almost the entire planet over 100 million years ago.
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They owe their success to being social animals that perfected chemical communication.
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Chemical signals and cues let ants know what their colony needs and what each individual should do.
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And most importantly in this case, who is a friend or foe?
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Slave-making ants are much less social than other ant species.
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Some species miss a lot of the genes other ants have to make communication possible.
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In a sense, they are bad at talking to each other.
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So it may be that as Poliogas ancestors started to abduct other ants, they lost the ability to collaborate and work together productively.
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Soon after the stolen Formica offspring have been brought to the slaver colony, They are progressively covered in Polyergus pheromones.
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They are chemically imprinted, similar to a duckling who imprints on its mother after birth.
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When the new slaves hatch, they behave as though they are part of the Polyergus colony and begin to work for them unconditionally,
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keeping the nest clean, caring for the next generation of slaves and masters, hunting for food and feeding their enslavers mouth-to-mouth.
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This sort of brainwashing goes so far that if they encounter free formica ants in the wild, they will treat them as animates.
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In a sense, they're not true slaves, as they serve willingly and show no interest in freedom.
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It's more like violent abduction and adoption, which doesn't make things that much better.
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And as the Formica only live for a few months, a constant new supply of victims is necessary.
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To survive, Polyurgus can never stop enslaving.
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How to make new slave colonies?
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How are new Polyergus colonies created?
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After all, Polyergus workers are so useless that a queen can't start a new colony without slaves.
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But how does she make slaves without warriors?
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It turns out there are two main strategies.
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The more dangerous one might unfold during a raid like the one we witnessed before.
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A young Polyergus queen silently follows the raiding party.
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Using the chaos of the invasion, she's able to find her way to the Formica Queen and kill her, taking over the shaken colony.
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Although such a victory may be very short-lived.
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Polyogas do not tolerate other slaver colonies within their hunting ground.
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They raid each other fiercely too and can destroy the competing colonies nearby.
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So while this tactic sometimes works, it is pretty dangerous.
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Another young queen is going for a different strategy.
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She's looking for a Formica colony that is further from her birthplace, attacking a whole colony on her own.
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She bolts through an entrance, pushing aside confused ants that try to stop her, releasing a powerful appeasement pheromone that drives defenders away.
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She has only a short time window to find the Formica queen deep in the hostile nest.
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Once she finds her target, both queens engage in a fight to the death.
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The Polyergus queen is well equipped with her sharp mandibles.
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She bites and rips into her victim for about half an hour before she finally calms down.
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Between her bites, she licks the chemical surface of the dead Formica queen, covering herself in her pheromones.
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When she's done with this macabre ritual, Formica workers approach her.
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Subdued by her intense smells, they start grooming and feeding her as though pledging their allegiance to their new ruler.
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She still might not be done though.
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Formica colonies often have multiple queens who all need to be defeated, which is not guaranteed.
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Often attacking queens will be stopped by a phalanx of workers that rip her apart or are defeated in royal battle.
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But if she does manage to kill all the queens, the colony has been taken over and the enslaved brood will begin to serve a new queen, the usurper.
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She now begins laying eggs
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that are cared for by her new slaves until new Polyurgus ants hatch that will soon start new raids on neighboring colonies.
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No matter what we humans do, quietly below our feet, the World War of the Ants is raging,
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with wild and horrible strategies fought by billions of individuals every single day.
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Polyergus will continue to hunt for slaves, as to stop raiding would be their demise.
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And in the War of the Ants, there is no giving up.
关于本课
在本课中，学习者将通过分析和实践一个关于黑奴蚂蚁的讲述，提升英语听说能力。视频探讨了蚂蚁之间的复杂关系，特别是奴隶制如何运作，以及如何通过化学信号进行攻击和控制。通过这个独特的案例，学习者将练习在真实语境中使用英语，同时记忆相关的单词和短语，以达到提高英语发音的目的。
关键词汇与短语
- 黑奴蚂蚁 (slaver ant)
- 袭击 (raid)
- 奴隶 (slave)
- 信息素 (pheromone)
- 采集 (harvest)
- 防御者 (defender)
- 幼虫 (larvae)
- 噬酸 (acid spray)
练习技巧
在观看该视频时，建议采用shadow speech练习，以便更好地理解讲解的内容和语音语调。视频的节奏适中，但在某些地方可能会加快。您可以反复播放针对自己难以跟上的部分，在心中默念，同时大声模仿讲述者的发音。使用看YouTube学英语时，尝试在每次暂停后快速复述刚刚听到的内容，以提高英语的发音准确性。可以在模仿声音的同时注意口腔的运动，帮助自己更自然地掌握英语发音。此外，利用shadowspeak的技术，不仅仅是重复单词，而是要理解其用法和上下文，这样您的学习效果将会大大提高。
通过这种方式，不仅能提高您的英语口语技能，还能深入理解复杂的语义，让您在与他人交流时更加自信。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。