跟读练习: The science of laughter - Sasha Winkler - 通过YouTube学习英语口语
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Isn't it odd that when something's funny,
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Isn't it odd that when something's funny,
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you might show your teeth,
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change your breathing, become weak and achy in some places,
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and maybe even cry?
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In other words, why do we do this bizarre thing that is laughter?
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When you laugh, your abdominal muscles contract rapidly.
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This alters your breathing patterns,
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increasing the pressure in your chest cavity and pushing air out,
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which might audibly emerge as a snort, wheeze, or vocalization.
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Because you're exerting your abdominal muscles much more than you usually would while talking,
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they may start to hurt.
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Laughter also inhibits your reflexes and muscle control,
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causing sensations like leg weakness.
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So where does this funny phenomenon come from?
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Because there's no archaeological record of laughter,
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it's impossible to say exactly how and why it evolved.
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But scientists have some theories.
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Importantly, humans are not the only animals today that do something like laughter.
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Using ultrasonic recorders, researchers in the late 90s realized that rats were basically giggling while being tickled.
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Scientists have since compiled evidence of at least 65 species,
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mostly mammals but also some birds,
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that vocalize during social play.
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Some, unsurprisingly, are our closest relatives.
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By recording and analyzing the sounds primates make while playing and being tickled,
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Researchers grew more convinced that the ancient ancestor of all great apes did something like laughter.
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And because other apes make laughter-like sounds during rough-and-tumble play,
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they think laughter may have originally developed to clearly signal friendly, non-aggressive intent.
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But of course, humans don't just laugh when we're wrestling,
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but also when we're amused and even surprised, confused, or nervous.
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Some scientists think laughter took on expanded functions after humans split from other great apes
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and developed large social groups and more complex language abilities.
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They hypothesized that laughter gradually became something we could use not just during play,
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but within speech to convey subtle meanings and a range of contexts to show our emotions.
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This is thought to be one of the reasons that laughter is contagious.
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It's like an invitation to share in someone's emotional state.
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Just hearing clips of laughter can activate key regions in your brain,
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triggering you to smile or laugh yourself.
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And when participants in one study watched a funny video,
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they laughed significantly longer and more often when another person was present,
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even though they reported feeling the same level of amusement.
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Human laughter is also generally louder than the play vocalizations of most animals.
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Some scientists speculate that this is because our laughter functions not only as a signal between individuals,
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but a broadcast to everyone around.
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Studies found that observers across the world and as young as five months old
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could reliably tell the difference between close friends and acquaintances just from brief clips of them laughing.
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Similarly, we can tell whether a laugh is real or fake based just on the sound.
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Fake or volitional laughter is produced in entirely different networks in the brain,
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relying on speech-like pathways.
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Meanwhile, spontaneous laughter arises from older networks that other animals also use for their vocalizations.
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And laughter's not just socially important.
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It's also thought to be good for us.
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When we laugh, our brains release feel-good neurotransmitters like endorphins and decrease levels of stress hormones like cortisol.
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Some research even suggests that people who laugh more can cope with stress more effectively and have better cardiovascular health.
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Laughter is a universal human behavior.
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Babies can laugh before they can speak.
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Whether it's the best medicine depends on your ailment.
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But as something that makes life more tolerable,
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strengthens bonds, and potentially improves aspects of your health,
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you can't go wrong with a good laugh.
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Unless you have a broken rib or something,
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then it's no laughing matter.
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Certainly nothing to crack up about.
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Laughter is an essential part of expressing ourselves.
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But what about more advanced means of communication?
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Students in over 130 countries are turning their ideas into TED-style talks with the TED-Ed Student Talks program.
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They're connecting with each other while honing their public speaking skills,
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and that's no laughing matter.
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Learn how to bring these free activities to a classroom or after-school program near you at ed.ted.com slash student talks.
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观看和跟随《笑声的科学》的视频，您不仅能享受幽默的内容，还能明显提高英语发音和口语能力。视频中提到的笑声背后的科学和人类行为，提高了语境的丰富性，使学习更为生动。练习说出那些搞笑的段落和科学分析时，您可以通过模仿发音和语调，加深对英语表达的理解，促进流利度。
语法与表达在语言环境中的应用
- 过去分词与被动语态： 视频中涌现出多个例子，例如"被记录"和"被录制"。这类被动语态结构在英语中经常用来强调动作，而非施动者，能帮助学习者理解句子结构的多样性。
- 因果关系的表达： 例如，“因为…所以…”，如“因为笑声释放内啡肽，所以它能改善我们的情绪。”这展示了用因果关系阐述观点的常见用法，这对于提高英语发音也是很有帮助的。
- 比较级与最高级： 视频中提到“人类的笑声一般比动物的叫声更响亮”。在练习时，您可以分析并模仿这些句式，有助于提高你的语法掌握和发音技巧。
常见发音陷阱
在视频中，某些词汇的发音可能会让学习者感到挑战。例如，“giggle”（咯咯笑）和“vocalization”（发声）这类词汇中的元音组合较为复杂，可能需要多次练习。同时注意重音的变化，比如“laughter”（笑声）的发音，常常会让说英语的学习者混淆音调和节奏。
通过使用“英语影子跟读”技巧，您将更好地理解这些发音模式。模仿说话者的音调与语速，可以提高您的英语发音以及流利度。结合 shadowspeak 和 shadowspeaks 的理念，通过口语练习，您不仅能提高自己的发音技巧，更能深入理解用语环境中的细微差别。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。