跟读练习: Why is biodiversity so important? - Kim Preshoff - 通过YouTube学习英语口语
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Our planet's diverse, thriving ecosystems may seem like permanent fixtures, but they're actually vulnerable to collapse.
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Our planet's diverse, thriving ecosystems may seem like permanent fixtures, but they're actually vulnerable to collapse.
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Jungles can become deserts, and reefs can become lifeless rocks, even without cataclysmic events like volcanoes and asteroids.
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What makes one ecosystem strong and another weak in the face of change?
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The answer, to a large extent, is biodiversity.
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Biodiversity is built out of three intertwined features, ecosystem diversity, species diversity, and genetic diversity.
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The more intertwining there is between these features, the denser and more resilient the weave becomes.
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Take the Amazon rainforest, one of the most biodiverse regions on Earth, due to its complex ecosystems,
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huge mix of species, and the genetic variety within those species.
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Here are tangled liana vines, which crawl up from the forest floor to the canopy,
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intertwining with tree tops and growing thick wooded stems that support these towering trees.
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Helped along by the vines, trees provide the seeds, fruits, and leaves to herbivores such as the tapir and the agouti,
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which disperse their seeds throughout the forest so they can grow.
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Leftovers are consumed by the millions of insects that decompose and recycle nutrients to create rich soil.
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The rainforest is a huge system filled with many smaller systems like this, each packed with interconnected species.
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Every link provides stability to the next, strengthening biodiversity's weave.
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That weave is further reinforced by the genetic diversity within individual species, which allows them to cope with changes.
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that lack genetic diversity due to isolation or low population numbers are much more vulnerable to fluctuations caused by climate change,
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disease, or habitat fragmentation.
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Whenever a species disappears because of its weakened gene pool, a knot is untied, and parts of the net disintegrate.
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So, what if we were to remove one species from the rainforest?
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Would the system fall apart?
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Probably not.
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The volume of species, their genetic diversity, and the complexity of the ecosystems
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form such rich biodiversity in this forest that one species gap in the weave won't cause it to unravel.
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The forest can stay resilient and recover from change.
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But that's not true in every case.
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In some environments, taking away just one important component can undermine the entire system.
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Take coral reefs, for instance.
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Many organisms in a reef are dependent on the coral.
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It provides key micro-habitats, shelter, and breeding grounds for thousands of species of fish, crustaceans, and mollusks.
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Corals also form interdependent relationships with fungi and bacteria.
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The coral itself is a loom that allows the tangled net of biodiversity to be woven.
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That makes coral a keystone organism, one that many others depend on for their survival.
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So what happens when destructive fishing practices, pollution and ocean acidification weaken coral, or even kill it altogether?
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Exactly what you might think.
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The loss of this keystone species leaves its dependence at a loss too, threatening the entire fabric of the reef.
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Ecosystem, species, and genetic diversity together form the complex, tangled weave of biodiversity that is vital for the survival of organisms on Earth.
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We humans are woven into this biodiversity too.
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When just a few strands are lost, our own well-being is threatened.
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Cut too many links and we risk unraveling it all.
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What the future brings is unpredictable, but biodiversity can give us an insurance policy, Earth's own safety net, to safeguard our survival.
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关于本节课
在本节课中，学习者将通过分析视频关于生物多样性的重要性内容，提升英语听说能力。我们将通过探讨生态系统、物种多样性和遗传多样性等主题，帮助考生理解复杂概念，并在雅思口语练习中更加自信。利用“看YouTube学英语”的方式，学习者可以在丰富的语境中练习，掌握如何用英语表达这些科学观念。
关键词汇与短语
- 生物多样性 (biodiversity) - 生态系统、物种和遗传多样性的综合表现。
- 生态系统多样性 (ecosystem diversity) - 不同生态系统的多样化特征。
- 物种多样性 (species diversity) - 在特定区域内不同物种的数量和丰富性。
- 遗传多样性 (genetic diversity) - 单一物种内不同基因型的变异程度。
- 关键生物 (keystone species) - 生态系统中对其他物种生存至关重要的物种。
- 栖息地破碎化 (habitat fragmentation) - 生物栖息地被隔离或破坏的现象。
- 生态系统的韧性 (resilience of ecosystems) - 生态系统在遭受扰动后恢复的能力。
练习技巧
在观看视频时，建议学习者采用shadow speaking的方法，跟随视频的语速进行模仿。可以选择在句子结束后稍作停顿，帮助自己更好地消化信息并进行复述。在这一过程中，请注意以下几点：
- 集中注意力于演讲者的语调和重音，模仿他们自然的口语表达方式。
- 必要时重新播放视频中的重要段落，这样有助于建立对内容的理解和记忆。
- 尝试在模仿的同时，进行简短的总结或解释，这能提高您的语言组织能力。
- 利用“雅思口语练习”的场景，和朋友一起讨论视频内容，以巩固学习效果。
借助这种“shadowing site”的练习方法，您将更加自信地在不同的语境中使用英语，并能有效应对雅思口语考试的挑战。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。