تدريب Shadowing: How does the stock market work? - Oliver Elfenbaum - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية مع YouTube

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In the 1600s the Dutch East India Company employed hundreds of ships to trade gold, porcelain, spices, and silks around the globe.
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In the 1600s the Dutch East India Company employed hundreds of ships to trade gold, porcelain, spices, and silks around the globe.
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But running this massive operation wasn’t cheap.
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In order to fund their expensive voyages, the company turned to private citizens– individuals who could invest money to support the trip in exchange for a share of the ship’s profits.
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This practice allowed the company to afford even grander voyages, increasing profits for both themselves and their savvy investors.
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Selling these shares in coffee houses and shipping ports across the continent, the Dutch East India Company unknowingly invented the world’s first stock market.
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Since then, companies have been collecting funds from willing investors to support all kinds of businesses.
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And today, the stock market has schools, careers, and even whole television channels dedicated to understanding it.
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But the modern stock market is significantly more complicated than its original incarnation.
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So how do companies and investors use the market today?
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Let’s imagine a new coffee company that decides to launch on the market.
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First, the company will advertise itself to big investors.
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If they think the company is a good idea, they get the first crack at investing, and then sponsor the company’s initial public offering, or IPO.
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This launches the company onto the official public market, where any company or individual who believes the business could be profitable might buy a stock.
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Buying stocks makes those investors partial owners in the business.
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Their investment helps the company to grow, and as it becomes more successful, more buyers may see potential and start buying stocks.
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As demand for those stocks increases, so does their price, increasing the cost for prospective buyers, and raising the value of the company's stocks people already own.
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For the company, this increased interest helps fund new initiatives, and also boosts its overall market value by showing how many people are willing to invest in their idea.
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However, if for some reason a company starts to seem less profitable the reverse can also happen.
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If investors think their stock value is going to decline, they’ll sell their stocks with the hopes of making a profit before the company loses more value.
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As stocks are sold and demand for the stock goes down, the stock price falls, and with it, the company’s market value.
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This can leave investors with big losses– unless the company starts to look profitable again.
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This see-saw of supply and demand is influenced by many factors.
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Companies are under the unavoidable influence of market forces– such as the fluctuating price of materials, changes in production technology, and the shifting costs of labor.
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Investors may be worried about changes in leadership, bad publicity, or larger factors like new laws and trade policies.
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And of course, plenty of investors are simply ready to sell valuable stocks and pursue personal interests.
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All these variables cause day-to-day noise in the market, which can make companies appear more or less successful.
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And in the stock market, appearing to lose value often leads to losing investors, and in turn, losing actual value.
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Human confidence in the market has the power to trigger everything from economic booms to financial crises.
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And this difficult-to-track variable is why most professionals promote reliable long term investing over trying to make quick cash.
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However, experts are constantly building tools in efforts to increase their chances of success in this highly unpredictable system.
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But the stock market is not just for the rich and powerful.
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With the dawn of the Internet, everyday investors can buy stocks in many of the exact same ways a large investor would.
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And as more people educate themselves about this complex system they too can trade stocks, support the businesses they believe in, and pursue their financial goals.
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The first step is getting invested.

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المفردات والعبارات الرئيسية

  • الأسهم - Stocks
  • الاكتتاب العام الأولي - Initial Public Offering (IPO)
  • المستثمرون - Investors
  • ربح - Profit
  • العرض والطلب - Supply and Demand
  • المخاطر المالية - Financial Risk
  • السوق - Market
  • التقلبات> - Fluctuations

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