Shadowing Practice: 4th Dimension Explained By A High-School Student - Learn English Speaking with Video

Imagine that this folder is a dimensional plane.

Now, assuming that it is no height and no depth,

what would this mean?

It would mean that it's a one dimensional world.

So if, hypothetically, an organism was living inside of it,

it would only be able to move in a linear path forward and backwards in a straight line.

Now, if we go to the second dimension, we have two dimensions.

We have width and we have length.

So hypothetically, if an organism lived inside of here,

and it would be able to move up,

down, left, right, than anywhere else in between.

And a two-dimensional world is comprised of an infinite series of one-dimensional worlds stacked upon each other.

Just as our three-dimensional world,

which has depth and length and height,

is comprised of an infinite series of two-dimensional worlds.

So, now that I have stacked many folders upon each other,

we have three dimensions dimensions.

We have depth, we have length, and we have width.

Now what happens if you keep going on from here on out?

We would have a four dimensional world,

but what exactly is a fourth dimension?

In order to understand this,

we need to understand how dimensions are perceived.

We live in the three dimensional world,

but despite that, we actually view things to be two dimensionally.

Take a perfect sphere for example.

If you're looking at a sphere,

it looks just like a regular two dimensional circle.

The only way that you can tell is this actual sphere instead of a circle is

because of the hues of light down.

So just like in a two-dimensional world,

if an organism in the two-dimensional world was looking upon a circle,

the light would make it appear to be lighter at one end and darker in the middle.

Also, if an object is moving closer and farther away from you,

you don't actually perceive that it's getting closer and farther away.

You see that it's getting smaller or larger,

and then you assume that it's getting either farther away or closer.

But let's say that an object was to grow in perfectly equilibrium

so that it was growing at the same speed that it was shrinking as you move it farther away.

Then you would not be able to tell without any lights

or if there were details on the object that it's moving or growing at all.

You may have assumed that since we perceive things to be in two dimensions,

that a two-dimensional organism would see in one dimension.

So as we're watching this rubber band expand as it moves farther away from this little organism in the two-dimensional world,

it does not actually perceive anything is happening to it

because it's growing at the same speed that is moving farther their way.

But since we can actually see it from the three-dimensional world and perceive things to be in two dimensions,

we can see things for how they actually are.

The reason that the two-dimensional organism doesn't see things the way they really are is

because the two-dimensional organism sees things in one dimension,

just how we, three-dimensional creatures,

see things in two dimensions.

So in a way, we don't really see our world the way it truly is.

A four-dimensional creature, however, seeing our three-dimensional world in three dimensions would be able to see through things.

You'd be able to see absolutely everything,

just as we could see if there was several organisms spread along a 2D environment on your floor.

You'd be able to see inside houses.

You'd be able to see inside of people.

So if a two-dimensional world,

a flat surface, is just made of an infinite amount of lines,

then the 3D world is just made out of an infinite amount of planes.

So the 4D world, logically,

is made out of an infinite amount of 3D objects.

Though they're not just put together like you would like building blocks.

That's not how the 4D world is.

That would just be 3D again.

So in order to understand this,

we need to understand the logical progression of mathematics in our world.

Imagine that this connects piece represents the first dimension.

It's simply a straight line,

which is basically what the first dimension looks like.

And if you add three more of these straight lines

and connect them so that adjacent sides are perpendicular and opposite sides are parallel,

then you have the basic shape of the second dimension.

You have a square.

Now if you keep going from here,

and you add four- hide it so that there's a total of four squares,

and all adjacent sides are perpendicular,

and all opposite sides are parallel,

then you end up with, obviously, a cube.

So, if you tried to keep going from here,

and you would have a four-dimensional basic shape,

you would have what's called a tesseract.

Now, I cannot show you a tesseract,

but you need to understand that it's basically four cubes

that are within each other that have all adjacent sides perpendicular and all opposite sides parallel.

Yet there are four lines connecting to each vertex.

So, a tesseract would look somewhat like this picture.

Now that's not exactly what it looks like

because this is a two-dimensional depiction and obviously not all the lines are straight

So I cannot show you what a tesseract actually looks like because we cannot perceive things in the third dimension

You cannot even imagine what a tesseract looks like you cannot

Physically you cannot in your mind picture the fourth dimension

or a fourth dimensional shape And you can keep going on from the fourth dimension even.

You can go to the fifth dimension,

the sixth dimension, the 71st dimension, it doesn't matter.

Theoretically, there are an infinite amount of spatial dimensions.

A common misconception of the fourth dimension is that the fourth dimension is time.

Now, while some argue that by going forward and backwards in time,

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if you move forward the same distance and backwards the same,

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then you would end up in the same place you started,

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just like in the fourth dimension.

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And while that may seem logical,

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if you think about it,

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it really doesn't make sense.

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If you imply that the fourth dimension is actually time,

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well, first of all, time is not spatial.

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There's a difference between space and time, quite obviously.

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And assuming that all dimensions are according to a pattern,

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then that doesn't really make sense either.

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Because saying the fourth dimension is time,

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every dimension has time in it.

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So that would mean that the fourth dimension is special in some way,

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which doesn't really make any sense.

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Another reason this doesn't make sense is that we very,

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very, very slightly travel through time whenever we move due to the distance that light takes to get to our body.

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If a group of astronauts were to get in a spaceship and they were to go very,

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very, very close to the speed of light,

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then they would, and they went around in this impossible,

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nearly the speed of light spaceship for a few months,

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and then afterwards they returned to Earth.

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They would find that Earth had actually progressed a few years,

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so they had moved forward in time by moving that quickly.

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Another interesting concept involving the fourth dimension is that many physicists,

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and even mathematicians, may say that the dimensions are very,

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very slightly curved, because if you really think about it,

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nothing can be truly, absolutely infinite infinite.

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So imagine that the first dimension,

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the line, is just very,

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very slightly curved so that after a very long time it will end up creating a circle.

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So as suggest by many physicists,

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if you keep going in the same direction then you will end up where you are,

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where you started after a very,

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very long amount of time obviously.

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And the same thing would happen to the second dimension

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if it's just a square and then you extend it very very slightly in a curve

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and it will eventually make a sphere

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and the same thing happens in our dimension except it will form a very very slightly curved um third dimension

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which will form a four-dimensional universe basically so what this kind of means is

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that our three-dimensional world is within a four-dimensional world,

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and the four-dimensional world is within a fifth-dimensional world, and so on.

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Now, I did say that nothing can be truly infinite,

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but if this is true,

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and a dimension is really within another dimension within another dimension within another dimension,

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then I'm implying that there's an infinite amount of dimensions,

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which is the only problem I really have with this theory.

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I'm not sure if it ever stops,

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or if infinity is really even possible.

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We don't know that.

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it.

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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección

Esta lección de conversación de nivel C1 se basa en el vídeo “4th Dimension Explained By A High-School Student”. Las palabras que más se repiten: dimension, dimensional, fourth, infinite, organism. Este vídeo tiene 150 frases y 1506 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 9:03. El hablante habla a un ritmo natural de unas 167 palabras por minuto, cercano a una conversación cotidiana. El 83 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés; conviene repasar el resto antes de empezar.

Vocabulario clave de este vídeo

Las 15 palabras más avanzadas del vídeo, con su pronunciación y significado:

Palabra	Pronunciación	Significado
dimension sustantivo	/daɪˈmɛn.ʃən/	dimensión
organism sustantivo	/ˈɔɹ.ɡəˌnɪz.əm/	organismo
perceive verbo	/pɚˈsiv/	percibir, apercibirse de
tesseract sustantivo	/ˈtɛ.səˌɹækt/	teseracto
sphere sustantivo	/sfɪɚ/	esfera, bola
perpendicular adjetivo	/ˌpɜː.pənˈdɪk.jə.lə(ɹ)/	perpendicular
backward adjetivo	/ˈbækwɚd/	retrógrado
hypothetically adverbio		hipotéticamente
physicist sustantivo	/ˈfɪzɪsɪst/	físico, física
spaceship sustantivo		nave espacial, astronave
comprise verbo	/kəmˈpɹaɪz/	comprender, constar de
folder sustantivo	/ˈfoʊldɚ/	carpeta, fólder
spatial adjetivo	/ˈspeɪ.ʃəl/	espacial
cube sustantivo	/kjub/	cubo
imply verbo	/ɪmˈplaɪ/	implicar, acarrear

Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar

Palabra	Significado
end up verbo	terminar, ir a parar
move forward verbo	ir adelante, adelantar
put together verbo	construir, elaborar
see through verbo	ver a través

Pronunciación a tener en cuenta

El hablante usa 17 contracciones y formas reducidas, como doesn't, don't, you'd. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.

Los sonidos de “th”: width /ˈwɪtθ/, mathematician /ˌmæθ.(ə.)məˈtɪʃ.ən/
Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: dimension /daɪˈmɛn.ʃən/, dimensional /daɪˈmɛn.ʃə.nəl/, spatial /ˈspeɪ.ʃəl/, depiction /dɪˈpɪkʃən/, mathematician /ˌmæθ.(ə.)məˈtɪʃ.ən/
Palabras largas — cuida el acento: dimensional /daɪˈmɛn.ʃə.nəl/, organism /ˈɔɹ.ɡəˌnɪz.əm/, perpendicular /ˌpɜː.pənˈdɪk.jə.lə(ɹ)/, mathematician /ˌmæθ.(ə.)məˈtɪʃ.ən/, misconception /ˌmɪs.kənˈsɛp.ʃən/

Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:

s + consonante al inicio — sin añadir una “e” delante: sphere /sfɪɚ/, spatial /ˈspeɪ.ʃəl/, stack /stæk/
/v/ — no es /b/: los dientes tocan el labio inferior: perceive /pɚˈsiv/, vertex /ˈvɝˌtɛks/
/z/ — sonora, no /s/: organism /ˈɔɹ.ɡəˌnɪz.əm/, physicist /ˈfɪzɪsɪst/, comprise /kəmˈpɹaɪz/

Cómo practicar con este vídeo

Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
Empieza a velocidad 0,75×, haz shadowing frase por frase y vuelve a la velocidad normal cuando te resulte fácil.
Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como dimension, organism, perceive.

¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?

Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.

Técnica de shadowing: lee la guía completa paso a paso →

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