Shadowing Practice: Narcissism Is a Defense Against BPD | OTTO KERNBERG - Learn English Speaking with Video

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The narcissistic personality disorder is one of the severe personality disorder that presents borderline personality organization.
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As a secondary defense against the fragmenting of one's self-concept
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and of one's concept of significant others and all this struggle between idealized and persecutory segments of experience,
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they have managed to construct what we call a pathological grandiose self
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that is constituted by combination of ideal aspects of the self,
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ideal aspects of others that have been incorporated as if one possessed them,
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and ideal aspirations of the self as if one had achieved them.
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While at the same time one's need of others is denied,
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is devalued, others are devalued, we don't need them, we are fine, I'm just great by myself, I don't need anybody else.
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There is an ideal internal world of grandiosity and self-sufficiency.
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And the rest of the world is constituted by depreciated,
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worthless people, those who are great and one still has to admire in order to incorporate everything they have.
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And those who are potential enemies one has to fight off.
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That structure means that the person seems to be integrated in a way.
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He's not divided and becomes quite secure.
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They look much better than the other severe personality disorders.
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They show on the surface self-satisfaction, grandiosity, excessive concern with themselves,
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a tremendous need to be admired but without any mutuality of the relationships.
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So there is an abnormal love of the self,
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incapacity to love others, an internal sense of grandiosity and emptiness at the same time.
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In the treatment, grandiosity becomes the dominant transference issue.
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They have to show their superiority to the therapist and keep themselves superior to the therapist,
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because the only alternative is then if they would need the therapist, it means that the therapist is superior to them,
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and they would feel immediately inferiorized, humiliated.
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So there is a long-term struggle.
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Who is going to be superior?
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Who is going to be inferior? inferior without a capacity for real dependency that gradually has to be clarified and resolved.
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And then the underlying problem of severe splits between idealized and persecutor relationship come to the fore,
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the underlying borderline structure against which the narcissistic structure was a defense.
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Thank you.

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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección

Esta lección de conversación de nivel C1 se basa en el vídeo “Narcissism Is a Defense Against BPD”. Las palabras que más se repiten: self, grandiosity, therapist, ideal, personality. Este vídeo tiene 30 frases y 374 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 3:22. El hablante mantiene un ritmo constante de unas 111 palabras por minuto, cómodo para el shadowing. Solo el 79 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés, por lo que el vocabulario es exigente.

Vocabulario clave de este vídeo

Las 15 palabras más avanzadas del vídeo, con su pronunciación y significado:

PalabraPronunciaciónSignificado
therapist sustantivo/ˈθɛɹəpɪst/terapeuta
borderline sustantivo/ˈboɹ.dɚˌlaɪn/frontera, línea divisoria
devalue verbo/diːˈvæljuː/devaluar, desvalorizar
idealize verbo/aɪˈdɪəlaɪz/idealizar
narcissistic adjetivo/ˌnɑɹ.sɪˈsɪs.tɪk/narcisista
inferior adjetivo/ɪnˈfɪɹ.i.ɚ/inferior, malmatado
incorporate verbo/ɪŋˈkɔɹ.pɚ.eɪt/incorporar
constitute verbo/ˈkɑnstɪt(j)uːt/constituir
admire verbo/ədˈmaɪɹ/admirar
aspiration sustantivo/ˌæspəˈɹeɪʃən/aspiración
depreciate verbo/dəˈpriʃiˌeɪt/depreciar
emptiness sustantivovaciedad
grandiose adjetivo/ɡɹæn.diˈəʊs/grandioso
humiliate verbo/hjuːˈmɪliˌeɪt/humillar, papear
incapacity sustantivo/ˌɪnkəˈpæsɪti/incapacidad

Gramática en este vídeo

Las estructuras que más usa el hablante, con las palabras exactas del vídeo:

EstructuraEn el vídeo
Voz pasiva be + participio pasado — importa lo que ocurre, no quién lo haceis constituted · have been incorporated · is denied
Present perfect have/has + participio pasado — una acción pasada que sigue importando ahorahave managed · have been incorporated
Oraciones de relativo who / which + oración — información extra sobre una persona o cosathose who are

Pronunciación a tener en cuenta

El hablante usa 3 contracciones y formas reducidas, como don't, I'm. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.

  • Los sonidos de “th”: therapist /ˈθɛɹəpɪst/, pathological /ˌpæθ.əˈlɑd͡ʒ.ɪ.kəl/, worthless /ˈwɜːθ.ləs/
  • Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: aspiration /ˌæspəˈɹeɪʃən/, depreciate /dəˈpriʃiˌeɪt/
  • Palabras largas — cuida el acento: narcissistic /ˌnɑɹ.sɪˈsɪs.tɪk/, inferior /ɪnˈfɪɹ.i.ɚ/, incorporate /ɪŋˈkɔɹ.pɚ.eɪt/, aspiration /ˌæspəˈɹeɪʃən/, depreciate /dəˈpriʃiˌeɪt/

Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:

  • /z/ — sonora, no /s/: idealize /aɪˈdɪəlaɪz/, possess /pəˈzɛs/

Cómo practicar con este vídeo

  1. Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
  2. Haz shadowing frase por frase a velocidad normal, repitiendo cada una hasta que tu ritmo coincida con el del hablante.
  3. Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como therapist, borderline, devalue.

¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?

Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.

Técnica de shadowing: lee la guía completa paso a paso →