Shadowing Practice: Warren Buffett: How To Analyze a BALANCE SHEET - Learn English Speaking with Video
Elige un modo de práctica
Cada modo abre una sala de práctica a pantalla completa.
39 oraciones
Si las oraciones son demasiado cortas o largas, haz clic en Editar para ajustarlas.
1
Warren Buffett has been analyzing businesses for more than 80 years over that time he's read thousands of annual reports and has analyzed a balance sheet countless times that experience has allowed him to create five investing rules of thumb that allow him to analyze any balance sheet
2
in just a few seconds in this video I'll explain Buffett's five rules of thumb and show you how Chipotle's balance sheet Stacks up against them hi my name is Brian Feroldi I'm a financial educator who's been analyzing and investing in businesses for more than 20 years let's get started first
3
let's make sure we understand what a balance sheet is a balance sheet is one of the three major financial statement that shows everything a company owns and owes to others the balance sheet is ruled by the master ACC equation that states that assets must always equal liabilities
4
plus shareholders Equity these two parts of the equation must always be in Perfect Balance hence the name of the balance sheet now when it comes to analyzing a balance sheet Buffett has five main rules of thumbs that he looks for rule of thumb number one relates to the company's
5
cash balance vers its debt formula here is quite simple you just take the company's cash and cash a equivalence and compare them to the company's debt his rule of thumb is that a company has more cash than debt so when looking at a balance sheet here we would take the company's cash
6
and marketable securities which is $3,000 compare them to the company's debt which is $2,000 in this case this company has more cash than debt which would pass his rule why did Buffett invent this
7
rule well he likes to invest in companies that are so good at producing cash that they don't need to use any debt at all to run the business so if he sees a business that has more cash than debt that's that's a positive sign Buffett's rule of thumb number two relates to the company's debt
8
to equity ratio Formula here is quite simple you take the company's total liabilities and you divide it by shareholders Equity Buffett wants to see this number below 0.8 so when
9
looking at this company its total liabilities is $44,000 we would take that and we would divide it by the company's total equity which in this case is $122,000 that would give us a debt to equity
10
ratio of 0.33 which is below Buffett's 0.8 figure now what is this of thumb me well Buffett likes to invest in companies that produce so much cash that they finance themselves with Equity not with
11
debt when a company has a debt to equity ratio below 0.8 that tells him that the company has financed itself with equity and has largely been able to avoid debt rule of thumb number three relates to preferred stock the formula here couldn't be simpler the preferred stock equals
12
zero so his rule of thumb is that a company does not have any preferred stock on its balance sheet now every balance sheet you see will have its own layout in terms but generally speaking preferred stock will be one of the first line items that you see in shareholders equity in this case here
13
this company does not have any preferred stock listed which would be a good thing in Buffett's eye now why does Buffett have this rule of thumb in place well preferred stock is a bit of a hybrid between debt and equity and generally speaking strong companies never have to issue preferred
14
stock to fund themselves so Buffett wants to see that a company does not have any preferred stock at all which indicates to him that the company is a financial Powerhouse that brings us to rule of thumb number four which is about retained earnings and specifically retained earnings growth Buffett
15
likes to compare a company's retained earnings in the most recent period to the retained earnings in the last period and his rule of thumb is that this number consistently grows especially during recessions now to find this number we simply look in the shareholders Equity section of the balance
16
sheet for a figure that's called retained earnings we want to see that this figure is positive and is larger than the same figure in the year ago period now why does he have this rule of thumb in place well if retained earnings is growing that means that the company is producing profits and it's
17
also keeping a portion of that profits to reinvest in the business so if this number is consistently growing especially during periods of economic stress that is a very strong sign for investors
18
okay rule of thumb number five relates to the company's treasury stock so the rule of thumb here is that the company has some treasury stock NOW treasury stock is found in the shareholders Equity portion of the balance sheet and in this case it's listed as zero but what is treasury
19
stock Treasury stock is simply the cumulative amount of stock BuyBacks that a company has repurchased from its shareholders so Buffett wants to see that this figure is positive which indicates to him that the company is returning Capital to shareholders through stock BuyBacks
20
now I just threw a bunch of information at you but I also made a simple PDF download that has all of Warren Buffett's financial statement rules of thumb on them if you want a free copy just visit longterm mindset. back/ Buffett or click the link in the video description now
21
that we know Buffett's rules of thumb let's take a look at a real balance sheet to see these rules of thumb and action in this case I'm going to take a look at Chipotle's balance sheet to see these numbers in action so I've loaded Chipotle stock symbol CMG into finat and if I
22
scroll down I click on balance sheet and here we have the company's balance sheet listed now in the most recent period this company had about $1.42 billion in cash and short-term Investments
23
on its balance sheet that's quite good but how does that compare to the company's debt level well I'm going to click over to the company's liabilities and if I scroll my eyes down here I actually don't see the word debt listed anywhere that tells me that this company has a debt-free
24
balance sheet so when it comes to rule of thumb number one this company has tons of cash zero debt it passes Buffett's test that brings us to rule of thumb number two the company's debt to equity
25
ratio now to locate this number I'm going to go to finat scroll down to the ratios Tab and then click on Financial Health down here I'm going to see the company's debt to equity ratio which is currently
26
1.2 now as a reminder Buffett wants to see this figure below 0.8 so on this test the company fails however this is where some Nuance needs to be applied remember that the debt to equity
27
ratio takes the company's total liabilities and divides by the company's total Equity if you look at the company's total liabilities they're five billion however the company's largest liability is
28
actually this long-term leases of $3.9 billion now personally I don't view this number as a problem on a company's balance sheet it simply means that chipotle has signed sign some leases and
29
it's going to need to pay that rent in the years ahead so while some calculators consider this to be debt I do not so that's thing number one thing number two is if we click over to the company's
30
Equity section we'll notice that this company only has $3.3 billion in total Equity however we see that the company's treasury stock which is stock that it has repurchased from shareholders
31
is5 billion that is actually pulling this number down so if we adjust for the company's long-term leases and its Tre treasury stock the company's debt to equity ratio would actually be far below
32
the 0.8 figure so while you might disagree with me I am personally going to give this company a check on this figure the next number here to look at is preferred stock and we want to see if this company does not have any so in finat we scroll down to the balance sheet we click over to
33
equity and we're looking for the word here to be preferred stock now I don't see that word anywhere on here which means that chipotle does not have any preferred stock that's exactly what Buffett wants to see so I would give this figure a che as well the fourth number on Buffett's rules
34
of thumb is retained earnings growth we want to track how this company's retained earnings have been progressing over the last couple of years now on finat retained earnings is kept in the balance sheet and then Equity section and we can actually click this number right here finat will actually
35
automatically graph this figure and what we can see is that this number is consistently growing in fact if we widen this out to a longer time period we can see that chipotle has consistently grown its retained earnings for many years in a row including during 2020 and 2021 which
36
were challenging periods for a lot of companies especially restaurants for that reason Chipotle passes this test too the final number here to look at is the company's treasury stock which is the amount of stock BuyBacks Buffett wants to see that this treasury stock number exists now
37
treasury stock can be found in the balance sheet and then Equity portion and as we saw before this company has spent more than $5 billion buying back stock and this figure has actually increased over
38
the year now it's recorded as a negative number but this just means that the company has actively bought back stock from investors so one thinking about Buffett's rule of thumb checklist Chipotle passes this test too so there you have it knowing these five simple balance sheet rules of thumb
39
can make it much easier for anyone to analyze a balance sheet if this video was helpful give it the like button and let me know in the comment section below see you in the next video Brian out
Descargar app
Todo lo que necesitas para hablar con fluidez
Pronunciación con IAEvalúa cada oración
Práctica de IPADomina cada sonido
VocabularioConstruye tu banco de palabras
Juego de vocabularioAprende mientras juegas
FOR YOU
Recomendar Video
B24
283 oraciones
Warren Buffett Is Selling NOW. The $397 Billion COLLAPSE.
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
C12
236 oraciones
The 7 Quality Control (QC) Tools Explained with an Example!
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C1116 oraciones
Cash vs Accrual Accounting Explained Simply | With Examples & Journal Entries
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
60 oraciones
Quick Study: How Venture Capitalists Make Decisions
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
362 oraciones
How The Economic Machine Works by Ray Dalio
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
82 oraciones
CAP Theorem Simplified
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
118 oraciones
The Anatomy of Fraud
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
111 oraciones
Financial Analysis Fundamentals: How to Analyze Financial Statements Like a Pro Part 7 | CFI Course
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
372 oraciones
i read a self-help book every day for a WEEK -- now i'm more confused than ever
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
246 oraciones
$15 Trillion Money-Making Machine | How BlackRock Became Too Powerful to Ignore
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
151 oraciones
IAS 7 Statement of Cash Flows: Summary - applies in 2026
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
382 oraciones
The Math of Winning in Prop Firms
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Esta lección de conversación de nivel C1 se basa en el vídeo “Warren Buffett: How To Analyze a BALANCE SHEET”. Las palabras que más se repiten: stock, balance, sheet, rule, thumb. Este vídeo tiene 39 frases y 1742 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 8:26. El hablante habla rápido, unas 207 palabras por minuto, así que espera sonidos enlazados y reducidos. Solo el 80 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés, por lo que el vocabulario es exigente.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
Las 15 palabras más avanzadas del vídeo, con su pronunciación y significado:
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| thumb sustantivo | /ˈθʌm/ | pulgar, pólice |
| shareholder sustantivo | /ˈʃɛəˌhəʊl.də(ɹ)/ | accionista, accionario |
| chipotle sustantivo | /t͡ʃɪˈpoʊt.leɪ/ | chipotle |
| analyze verbo | /ˈæn.əˌlaɪz/ | analizar |
| scroll sustantivo | /skɹoʊl/ | rollo, pergamino |
| investor sustantivo | /ɪnˈvɛs.tə(ɹ)/ | inversionista, inversor |
| equation sustantivo | /ɪˈkweɪ.ʒən/ | ecuación |
| equivalence sustantivo | /ɪˈkwɪv.ə.ləns/ | equivalencia |
| marketable adjetivo | comerciable, marquetinero | |
| educator sustantivo | /ˈɛd͡ʒəkeɪtɚ/ | educador, educadora |
| cumulative adjetivo | /ˈkjuːmjʊlətɪv/ | acumulativo, cumulativo |
| calculator sustantivo | /kæl.kjə.leɪ.tɚ/ | calculador, calculadora |
| invent verbo | /ɪnˈvɛnt/ | inventar |
| versatile adjetivo | /ˈvɜː.səˌtaɪl/ | versátil |
| recession sustantivo | /ɹɪˈsɛʃn̩/ | recesión |
Gramática en este vídeo
Las estructuras que más usa el hablante, con las palabras exactas del vídeo:
| Estructura | En el vídeo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect continuous have/has been + -ing — una acción que empezó antes y continúa | has been analyzing · who's been analyzing · have been progressing |
| Present perfect have/has + participio pasado — una acción pasada que sigue importando ahora | has analyzed · has financed · has repurchased |
| Voz pasiva be + participio pasado — importa lo que ocurre, no quién lo hace | is ruled · is found · be applied |
| Oraciones de relativo who / which + oración — información extra sobre una persona o cosa | securities which is · four which is · ratio which is |
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
El hablante usa 15 contracciones y formas reducidas, como I'm, don't, couldn't. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.
- Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: shareholder /ˈʃɛəˌhəʊl.də(ɹ)/, equation /ɪˈkweɪ.ʒən/, recession /ɹɪˈsɛʃn̩/
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: equivalence /ɪˈkwɪv.ə.ləns/, educator /ˈɛd͡ʒəkeɪtɚ/, cumulative /ˈkjuːmjʊlətɪv/, calculator /kæl.kjə.leɪ.tɚ/
Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:
- /v/ — no es /b/: los dientes tocan el labio inferior: investor /ɪnˈvɛs.tə(ɹ)/, equivalence /ɪˈkwɪv.ə.ləns/, cumulative /ˈkjuːmjʊlətɪv/, invent /ɪnˈvɛnt/, versatile /ˈvɜː.səˌtaɪl/
- /dʒ/ — no es la “y” ni la “ch”: educator /ˈɛd͡ʒəkeɪtɚ/, adjust /əˈd͡ʒʌst/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Empieza a velocidad 0,75×, haz shadowing frase por frase y vuelve a la velocidad normal cuando te resulte fácil.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como thumb, shareholder, chipotle.
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.