Pratique du Shadowing: How to become dangerously self-educated. - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
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112 phrases
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Monkey badly wants to change his life.
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He is tired of where he is, tired of his physique, and tired of how his mind is not his friend.
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He goes through cycles of being extremely motivated and locking in, then falling off, then locking in again, and falling off.
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Years have gone by like this, and for some monkeys their entire life goes by without them breaking the habit of being their worst selves.
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It is terrible.
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So what can monkey do?
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Monkey can self -educate.
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Through self -education, monkey can understand why he's stuck in this cycle and break out.
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He can learn the skills of charisma, of discipline, and of detaching from his emotions,
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as well as countless other skills that will completely change his wealth, relationships, and quality of life.
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So here's how monkey self -educates.
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The algorithm that controls behavior.
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Reward prediction error theory is the leading theory of how the monkey brain handles learning.
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If monkey understands this theory he'll understand how his brain works
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and he'll understand what he needs to do in order to self -educate and start changing his life.
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Here it is explained using a simple story.
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Monkey has just found a tree.
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Monkey has never seen this tree before but it bears low -hanging yellow fruit
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and seeing that yellow fruit has just caused his dopamine levels to spike because he anticipates a reward.
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This is because monkey's brain has learned from experience that yellow fruit means yummy sweetness.
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An increase in dopamine does something to monkey.
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He becomes more motivated to pursue the goal of getting the fruit.
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Dopamine is in fact the molecule of pursuit.
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Any increase, even small, above
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Monkey's baseline level makes him more motivated to pursue things.
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So two minutes later, like a well -trained dog, Monkey has climbed the tree and snatched the fruit.
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He eagerly bites into it and finds out it's a fucking lemon.
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What a disaster.
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Monkey's day is ruined.
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But lemons aren't that bad.
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Eating a lemon when expecting a lemon is fine.
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So why is this such a disaster.
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This is where dopamine comes in again.
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Dopamine is not a reward detector, it is a surprise detector.
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The brain does not care about the reward, it cares about whether it was a surprise or not.
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Once Monkey fully understands this, he'll realize why he always goes through this cycle of locking in and falling off,
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and he'll understand how to fix it.
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So let Monkey explain.
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By the way, Monkey built a habit game for the monkey brain.
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It helps you fight distraction.
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You can block all brain or apps until a habit is completed for the day.
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Now you have to earn your scrolling in the morning.
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It makes building habits fun.
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You earn bananas every time you show up, which can be used to buy in -game items and build a monkey paradise.
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And it gives you small short -term wins, which are key to not giving up, according to science.
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Try it for free by tapping the link in the pinned comment.
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Now back to the video.
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Dopamine helps monkey form an accurate model of reality.
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It does this through predictions.
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In this situation monkey's brain predicted a sweet banana flavor and got a horrible sour lemon.
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The prediction was badly wrong and so monkey's dopamine creates a negative prediction error signal.
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His dopamine levels drop below baseline and this change in dopamine is how monkey's brain learns.
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It's not just negative predictions either.
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If the lemon had tasted exactly as monkey had predicted it to taste there would be no change in his dopamine levels.
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No prediction error signal because monkey's brain correctly understands the world so there's no updates needed.
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And if the lemon tasted like one of grandma monkey's delicious cakes then he'd be equally surprised
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but in a good way and here his brain would encode a big positive error signal by spiking his dopamine above baseline.
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Now imagine that monkey didn't find a lemon tree and imagine that he discovered online porn, cigarettes or TikTok.
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The prehistoric monkey brain would not be able to comprehend such levels of dopamine.
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In fact like an 18th century peasant shown pornography he might fall over and die of shock.
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This is because addictive stimuli like porn, scrolling and nicotine produce reward prediction error signals far larger than anything natural.
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And this is a problem.
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A massive reward prediction error is a massive learning signal.
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It tells the brain that this is the most rewarding thing in the environment
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and that if possible do more of this thing.
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It's why experiments show that rats if given enough food, water and cocaine will skip the food and water and consume pure
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Colombian white until they die.
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Modern addictions are nearly all caused by hijacking the dopamine system and constant exposure to these addictive stimuli raises monkey's dopamine baseline.
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As the baseline goes up he needs more in order to satisfy him.
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He needs to call up his friend
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Pablo to get the purest
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Colombian marching powder he can find because this UK stuff won't cut it anymore.
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His algorithms start noticing that cat videos aren't holding his attention and start feeding him more graphic, shocking and sexual content.
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He types the craziest search terms into Pornhub because regular in and out action does nothing.
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Monkey needs more and more stimulation just to feel normal
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and it's at this point that natural rewards like learning a programming language
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or an instrument or mastering a sport are no longer enjoyable.
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They have become negative prediction error signals.
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So Monkey has found out his answer.
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He can't self -educate
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because his indulgence in high stimulus behavior has caused his dopamine system to create a model of the world in
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which self -education is always disappointing.
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Well this is awful news and a big wake -up call for Monkey.
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It explains why he can never change his life despite wanting to so badly.
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It explains the cycle of locking in, falling off, locking in again and falling off.
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It explains why years have gone by without
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Monkey being able to break the habit of being his worst self.
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So how does
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Monkey fix this?
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The uncomfortable truth is that
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Monkey already knows the answer to this question.
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He's watched enough self -improvement content to know what to do.
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Sleep, exercise, diet, quitting social media, understanding habit loops so that friction can be introduced.
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These are all the tactics and Monkey knows these but the thing is, like with a lot of addicts,
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they only quit when the pain becomes too much to bear.
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Too much failure, sadness, and depression makes them decide that enough is enough.
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So Monkey has got to sit down and be honest with himself.
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He's got to imagine in as much detail as possible what his future looks like if he continues.
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He's got to picture how much regret, sadness, and disappointment will fill his heart if he continues like he is.
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Because it's this realization that might finally cause him to change.
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So Monkey will do it right now.
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For the next hour if possible he will turn off all technology.
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He will grab a pen and paper and he will think about his future.
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What loved ones does he lose if he continues like this?
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What does his day -to -day look like?
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Is he stuck in a boring job that he hates.
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What does his physique look like?
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Is he in good shape, loving life, running around, playing sport and feeling healthy or is he aching, fat, depressed and overweight?
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Monkey will sit and think about his future
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and try to conjure up enough pain that he decides right there to change his life.
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Fixing his dopamine will be Monkey's toughest battle but it will be so worthwhile.
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Stay monkey.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale s’appuie sur la vidéo « How to become dangerously self-educated ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : monkey, dopamine, brain, prediction, lemon. Cette vidéo contient 112 phrases et 1317 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 8:17. Le locuteur parle à un rythme naturel d’environ 159 mots par minute, proche d’une conversation courante. Seuls 79 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
15 mots de la vidéo à retenir, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| monkey nom | /ˈmʌŋki/ | singe, guenon |
| prediction nom | /pɹɪˈdɪkʃən/ | prédiction |
| reward nom | /ɹɪˈwɔɹd/ | récompense, salaire |
| lemon nom | /ˈlɛmən/ | citron |
| habit nom | /ˈhæb.ɪt/ | habitude |
| baseline nom | /ˈbeɪslaɪn/ | référence |
| educate verbe | /ˈɛd͡ʒ.əˌkeɪt/ | éduquer |
| badly adverbe | /ˈbæd.li/ | mal, mauvaisement |
| stimulus nom | /ˈstɪm.jə.ləs/ | stimulus |
| motivate verbe | /ˈmoʊ.tɪ.veɪt/ | motiver |
| earn verbe | /ɝn/ | gagner |
| shock nom | /ʃɔk/ | choc |
| skill nom | /skɪl/ | habileté, compétence |
| disaster nom | /dɪˈzɑːs.təː/ | désastre, catastrophe |
| pursue verbe | /pɚˈsu/ | poursuivre |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Sens |
|---|---|
| find out verbe | découvrir, savoir |
| go through verbe | traverser |
| break out verbe | s'échapper, s’évader |
| call up verbe | sélectionner |
| give up verbe | se rendre |
| go up verbe | monter, s'élever |
| run around verbe | courir partout |
| show up verbe | apparaître, se montrer se pointer |
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Phrases conditionnelles if + proposition, will/would + verbe — une condition et son résultat | If monkey understands this theory he'll understand · if possible he will turn |
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | have gone · has just found · has never seen |
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | is explained · is ruined · is completed |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 10 contractions et formes réduites, comme he'll, aren't, can't. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « th »: algorithm /ˈælɡəɹɪðm̩/, worthwhile /ˌwɜː(ɹ)θˈwaɪl/
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: prediction /pɹɪˈdɪkʃən/, shock /ʃɔk/, exposure /ɪkˈspəʊ.ʒə(ɹ)/, delicious /dɪˈlɪ.ʃəs/, emotion /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, uncomfortable /ʌnˈkʌm.fɚ.tə.bl̩/, disappointment /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntmənt/, anticipate /ænˈtɪs.ɪ.peɪt/, realization /ˌɹɪə.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /h/ — il se souffle, il n’est pas muet: habit /ˈhæb.ɪt/, horrible /ˈhɔɹ.ɪ.bəl/, comprehend /ˌkɑmpɹɪˈhɛnd/, hijack /ˈhaɪ.d͡ʒæk/, prehistoric /ˌpɹiː.hɪsˈtoɹ.ɪk/
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: educate /ˈɛd͡ʒ.əˌkeɪt/, enjoyable /ɛnˈd͡ʒɔɪ.ə.bl̩/, snatch /snæt͡ʃ/, conjure /ˈkɑn.d͡ʒɚ/, detach /dɪˈtæt͡ʃ/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: prediction /pɹɪˈdɪkʃən/, reward /ɹɪˈwɔɹd/, predict /pɹɪˈdɪkt/, algorithm /ˈælɡəɹɪðm̩/, scroll /skɹoʊl/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme monkey, prediction, reward.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.