Pratique du Shadowing: Kevin Spacey Breaks Down The Game Theory | 21 - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec YouTube

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All right.
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All right.
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Now, who can explain Newton's method and how you use it?
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Uh, you can use it to solve nonlinear equations.
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That's impressive.
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Uh, that's really good.
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I mean, I'm very impressed by that,
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especially since my class is called Non-Linear Equations.
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All right, now somebody tell me something I don't already know.
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Anyone?
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Bueller.
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Anyone?
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Bueller?
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Newton stole it.
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I'm sorry?
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Newton stole it.
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Joseph Rafson published the same method 50 years earlier.
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If the start value is too far removed from true zero, then it fails.
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I'm sorry, what's your name?
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Ben.
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Ben Campbell.
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Ben.
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So Ben Campbell suggests that Joseph Rafson was the original author of this method.
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Well, if that's the case,
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then why didn't he get any credit?
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Well, for one thing, Newton had a better publicist.
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And for another, after 1700,
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we know very little about Raphson other than the fact that he discovered the Kabbalah about 300 years before Madonna.
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All right, now, let's give Ben a chance for some extra credit, shall we?
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We're gonna call this, um,
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the game show host problem, all right?
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Ben, suppose you're on a game show,
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and you are given a chance to choose from three different doors, all right?
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Now, behind one of the doors is a new car.
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Behind the other two, goats.
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Which door would you choose, Ben?
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Uh, door number one.
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Door number one.
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Ben chooses door number one.
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All right, now, the game show host,
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who, by the way, knows what's behind all the other doors,
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decides to open another door.
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Let's say he chooses door number three,
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behind which sits a goat.
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Now, Ben, the game show host comes up to you and says,
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Ben, do you want to stay with door number one or go with door number two?
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Now, is it in your interest to switch your choice?
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Yeah.
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Well, wait.
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Remember, the host knows where the car is.
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So how do you know he's not playing a trick on you,
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trying to use reverse psychology to get you to pick a goat?
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Well, I wouldn't really care.
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I mean, my answer's based on statistics, based on variable change.
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Variable change?
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Well, he just asked you a simple question.
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Yeah, but she's changed everything.
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Enlighten us.
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Well, when I was originally asked to choose a door,
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I had a 33.3% chance of choosing right.
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But after he opens one of the doors and then re-offers me the choice,
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it's now 66.7% if I choose to switch.
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So, yeah, I'll take door number two and thank you for that extra 33.3%.
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Exactly.
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People, remember, if you don't know which door to open,
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and always account for variable change.
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Now, see, most people wouldn't take the switch out of paranoia,
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fear, emotions, but Mr. Campbell kept motions aside and let simple math get his ass into a brand new car.
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Which is better than that goat you've been driving around campus.
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All right, everybody, that's the end of the day.
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Thank you very much.
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Your graded papers are down here at the end.
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You can pick them up on your way out.
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Thank you.

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About This Lesson

In this lesson, you will practice your English listening and speaking skills by engaging with a video that explores game theory, specifically through a fun game show scenario. This transcript features a conversation that not only highlights mathematical concepts but also uses casual conversational language, making it ideal for learners looking to enhance their speaking abilities. By repeating phrases and sentences, you will improve your fluency and gain confidence in discussing complex topics in English. Additionally, this exercise will help you prepare for real-world conversations, including IELTS speaking practice.

Key Vocabulary & Phrases

  • Newton's method - A numerical technique used to solve nonlinear equations.
  • Nonlinear equations - Equations where the variables do not produce a straight line when graphed.
  • Game show - A television program where contestants compete for prizes by answering questions or participating in challenges.
  • Switch your choice - To change a selection after gaining additional information.
  • Behind the doors - A metaphorical reference to the unknown outcomes in decision-making scenarios.
  • Publicist - A person responsible for promoting someone or something, particularly in the media.
  • Extra credit - Additional points or rewards given for demonstrating extra effort or knowledge.

Practice Tips

To effectively improve your English speaking skills using this video, consider using a "shadowspeak" technique. Start by playing the video at a slower speed if you find the dialogue challenging. This way, you can better follow along and replicate the intonation and rhythm of the speaker. After listening to a segment, pause the video and repeat the phrases out loud. Focus on matching the speaker's emotional tone and emphasis. This shadowing app technique enhances your pronunciation and boosts your confidence in handling similar topics.

As you practice, try to isolate key parts where the speaker interacts or emphasizes important concepts—this is particularly useful when discussing game strategies or presenting arguments. Incorporating this into your daily routine, along with regular IELTS speaking practice, will significantly enhance your grasp of conversational English and prepare you for discussions on a variety of subjects.

Finally, reflect on the content as you practice. Why did the game host provide specific information? This critical thinking will not only improve your language skills but also your analytical abilities.

Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?

Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.

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