Pratique du Shadowing: Manufacturing Defined - What Is Manufacturing? - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
Création de la leçon...
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Welcome to Academic Game Tutorials.
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In today's class we are going to learn in details about how we can define manufacturing.
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We are studying introduction and overview of manufacturing.
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We will cover all related topics one by one.
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Before starting, if you haven't subscribed to this channel yet, just click on subscribe and press the bell icon.
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Here, we come up with new videos on different subjects to make the academic studies easier for you.
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So, into the topic.
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What is manufacturing?
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The word manufacture is derived from two Latin words, manus, which means, hand, and factors,
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which means to make, the combination means made by hand.
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The English word manufacture is several centuries old, and made by hand accurately described the manual methods used when the word was first coined.
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Most modern manufacturing is accomplished by automated and computer controlled machinery.
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So, how can we define manufacturing?
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As a field of study in the modern context, manufacturing can be defined two ways, one technologic, and the other economic.
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Technologically, manufacturing is the application of physical and chemical processes to alter the geometry,
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properties, and appearance of a given starting material to make parts
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or products manufacturing also includes assembly of multiple parts to make
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products the processes to accomplish manufacturing involve a combination of machinery tools power
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and labor as depicted in figure a manufacturing is almost always
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carried out as a sequence of operations each operation brings them material closer to the desired final state.
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Economically, manufacturing is the transformation of materials into items of greater value by means of one or more processing and assembly operations,
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as depicted in figure B.
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The key point is that manufacturing adds value to the material by changing its shape or properties, or by combining it with other materials that have been similarly altered.
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The material has been made more valuable through the manufacturing operations performed on it
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when iron ore is converted into steel value is added
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when sand is transformed into glass value is added
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when petroleum is refined into plastic value is added and
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when plastic is molded into the complex geometry of a patio
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chair it is made even more valuable the words manufacturing
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and production are often used interchangeably but the term production might have a broader meaning than manufacturing.
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To illustrate, one might speak of crude oil production, but the phrase crude oil manufacturing seems out of place.
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Yet when used in the context of products such as metal parts or automobiles, either word seems okay.
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So, we have studied how we can define manufacturing from both technological and economical point of views.
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Thank you.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau C1 s’appuie sur la vidéo « Manufacturing Defined - What Is Manufacturing? ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : manufacturing, material, word, value, operation. Cette vidéo contient 34 phrases et 440 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 3:04. Le locuteur parle à un rythme régulier d’environ 143 mots par minute, confortable pour le shadowing. 84 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais ; le reste mérite d’être vu avant de commencer.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
Les 15 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| depict verbe | /dɪˈpɪkt/ | représenter, décrire |
| geometry nom | /d͡ʒiˈɑ.mə.tɹi/ | géométrie |
| crude adjectif | /kɹuːd/ | cru |
| subscribe verbe | /səbˈskɹaɪb/ | abonner, s'abonner |
| machinery nom | /məˈʃiːnəɹi/ | machines, parc de machines |
| accomplish verbe | /əˈkɑm.plɪʃ/ | accomplir |
| automate verbe | /ˈɔ.təˌmeɪt/ | automatiser |
| refine verbe | /ɹɪˈfaɪn/ | raffiner |
| technologically adverbe | technologiquement | |
| derive verbe | /dɪˈɹaɪv/ | tirer, trouver |
| economical adjectif | /ˌiː.kəˈnɒm.ɪ.kəl/ | économe |
| illustrate verbe | /ˈɪl.əˌstɹeɪt/ | illustrer |
| mold nom | /moʊld/ | moisissure f moisi, mildiou |
| altar nom | /ˈɔl.tɚ/ | autel |
| automobile nom | /ˈɔː.tə.məˌbil/ | voiture, auto |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| carry out verbe | /ˈkæ.ɹi aʊt/ | sortir, transporter dehors |
| come up with verbe | inventer, imaginer |
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | is derived · is accomplished · can be defined |
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | haven't subscribed · have been · has been made |
Prononciation à surveiller
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: machinery /məˈʃiːnəɹi/, accomplish /əˈkɑm.plɪʃ/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: geometry /d͡ʒiˈɑ.mə.tɹi/, machinery /məˈʃiːnəɹi/, economical /ˌiː.kəˈnɒm.ɪ.kəl/, economically /ˌiː.kəˈnɒm.ɪ.kli/, automobile /ˈɔː.tə.məˌbil/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: geometry /d͡ʒiˈɑ.mə.tɹi/, technological /ˌtɛk.nəˈlɑ.dʒɪ.kəl/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: geometry /d͡ʒiˈɑ.mə.tɹi/, crude /kɹuːd/, subscribe /səbˈskɹaɪb/, machinery /məˈʃiːnəɹi/, refine /ɹɪˈfaɪn/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Répétez phrase par phrase à vitesse normale, en reprenant chacune jusqu’à ce que votre rythme corresponde à celui du locuteur.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme depict, geometry, crude.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.