Pratique du Shadowing: What is Capacity Planning in Operations Management - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
Création de la leçon...
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So, have you ever went shopping, let's say for a new apartment or a new house?
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and you actually purchased or decided to rent a new apartment or buy a house, you probably started capacity planning at some aspect.
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And in this sense, capacity planning is really just
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How you optimize space is very similar when we talk about manufacturing and capacity planning in that sense.
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You can't put a king size bed in a very small room.
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Right?
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Take a look at this floor plan, this floor model.
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If this is enough space for you, great.
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But if you put the wrong size furniture in this space, you're not utilizing your capacity well.
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It's just like the technologies that we have, computers and cell phones.
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They have limited bandwidth.
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And so does the organizations that produce products.
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So in this sense, capacity is simply the measure of an organization's ability to sustainably produce products based on customers' demand.
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goods and services based on customers' demand.
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How well can we produce?
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And this is going to be based on what we call our maximum
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throughput or our maximum rate of output which is called our throughput.
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So if we can only produce 100 units a day, and we're producing 100 units a day,
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we're operating at full capacity and at 100 % capacity utilization because that's our maximum rate of throughput.
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Now, what's driving that?
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It could be a number of things.
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However, we could have a bottleneck, right?
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And that bottleneck could be slowing down production in some aspect.
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Therefore, we have to improve that bottleneck in order to increase capacity.
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Now, there's another aspect we can look at, and that's called system capacity.
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So, system capacity is driven by the number of but we also consider the strongest and the weakest points within that system.
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This is where we begin to get into bottlenecks in specific departments
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that could be the reason that we have such low throughput or where our maximum output is at a specific rate.
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So in this case, your maximum output is going to be driven by the department
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with the slowest amount of time or the department with the least amount of output.
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Here's an example.
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Let's say you ran a sandwich shop.
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Right?
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And right now in your three departments you have 20 slices of bread,
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15 slices of cheese, 12 slices of turkey.
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Every sandwich that you make requires two slices of bread, one slice of cheese, and one slice of turkey.
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Yeah.
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How many total sandwiches can you make based on your inventory levels?
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you can only make 10, right?
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Because you have 20 slices of bread, You have...
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15 slices of cheese and then you have 12 slices of turkey.
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So your bread department is the slowest
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or have the least amount of output therefore they determine your throughput which is your maximum output rate.
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You can only make 10 sandwiches because you only have enough bread to make 10 sandwiches.
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You could make at least two more, because turkey would be next in line with 12 slices.
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So you could do two more if you had four more slices of bread.
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And that's how throughput works in relation to capacity planning.
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And this is when other departments get involved in organizations
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when it comes to producing products and how they can particularly slow the company down or become the bottleneck.
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And that can be for a number of reasons, right?
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Maybe the bread department has some employees that are on
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are not as efficient in that department as they are in other departments.
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But that's the general sense of what capacity is.
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Key takeaways.
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Capacity planning and capacity is really just about the measure of how can a company produce to meet demand,
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sustainably produce to meet demand of customer demand for products and or services.
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output is so
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low or their production time is so slow because
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that department is going to drive their throughput because the lowest throughput
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or the slowest time is the one that drives the throughput for the entire system.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau B2 s’appuie sur la vidéo « What is Capacity Planning in Operations Management ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : capacity, slice, department, throughput, output. Cette vidéo contient 60 phrases et 673 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 5:25. Le locuteur parle à un rythme régulier d’environ 124 mots par minute, confortable pour le shadowing. 88 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc facile à suivre. 9 de ses 60 phrases sont des questions : un bon entraînement pour l’intonation interrogative et les réponses courtes.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
Les 12 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| slice nom | /slaɪs/ | tranche, tronçon |
| output nom | /ˈaʊtpʊt/ | sortie |
| aspect nom | /ˈæspɛkt/ | aspect |
| efficient adjectif | /ɪˈfɪʃənt/ | efficace |
| relation nom | /ɹɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ | relation |
| furniture nom | /ˈfɝ.nɪ.t͡ʃɚ/ | mobilier, meubles |
| inventory nom | /ˈɪn.vən.tɹi/ | inventaire |
| bandwidth nom | /ˈbændwɪdθ/ | bande passante |
| throughput nom | /ˈθɹuː.pʊt/ | débit |
| bottleneck nom | goulot, goulot de bouteille | |
| optimize verbe | /ˈɑptɪmaɪz/ | agir en optimiste |
| takeaway nom | /ˈteɪkəweɪ/ | plat à emporter |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Sens |
|---|---|
| slow down verbe | ralentir, décélérer |
Des phrases à répéter
Des phrases courtes et complètes de la vidéo, à réutiliser dans la conversation de tous les jours :
- How well can we produce?
- Let's say you ran a sandwich shop.
- How many total sandwiches can you make based on your inventory levels?
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | be based · is called · is driven |
| Propositions relatives who / which + proposition — une précision sur une personne ou une chose | output which is · throughput which is |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 4 contractions et formes réduites, comme we're, can't, you're. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « th »: bandwidth /ˈbændwɪdθ/, throughput /ˈθɹuː.pʊt/
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: efficient /ɪˈfɪʃənt/, relation /ɹɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: sandwich /ˈsæn(d).wɪd͡ʒ/, furniture /ˈfɝ.nɪ.t͡ʃɚ/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: relation /ɹɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n/, inventory /ˈɪn.vən.tɹi/, throughput /ˈθɹuː.pʊt/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Répétez phrase par phrase à vitesse normale, en reprenant chacune jusqu’à ce que votre rythme corresponde à celui du locuteur.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme slice, output, aspect.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.