Pratique du Shadowing: This tool will help improve your critical thinking - Erick Wilberding - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec YouTube

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Socrates, one of the founding fathers of Western philosophical thought, was on trial.
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Socrates, one of the founding fathers of Western philosophical thought, was on trial.
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Many Athenians believed he was a dangerous enemy of the state,
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accusing the philosopher of corrupting the youth and refusing to recognize their gods.
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However, Socrates wasn't feared for claiming to have all the answers,
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but rather for asking too many questions.
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While he loathed formal lectures,
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the philosopher frequently engaged friends and strangers in lengthy conversations about morality and society.
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These discussions weren't debates, nor would Socrates offer explicit advice.
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In fact, the philosopher often claimed to know nothing at all,
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responding to his partner's answers only with further questions.
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Through this process, Socrates probed their logic,
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revealing its flaws and helping both parties reach a more robust understanding.
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These insightful questions made Socrates beloved by his followers.
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Two of his students, Plato and Xenophon,
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were so inspired that they replicated their mentors' process in fictional dialogues.
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These invented exchanges provide perfect examples of what would come to be known as the Socratic method.
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In one of these fabricated dialogues,
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Socrates is conversing with a young man named Euthydamus,
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who is confident that he understands the nature of justice and injustice.
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Socrates probes the student's values by asking him to label actions such as lying and theft as just or unjust.
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Euthydemus confidently categorizes them as injustices.
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But this only prompts another question.
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Is it just for a general to deceive or pillage a hostile army?
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Euthydemus revises his assertion.
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He claims that these actions are just when done to enemies and unjust when done to friends.
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But Socrates isn't finished he asked the young man to consider a commander lying to his troops to boost their morale.
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Before long, Euthydemus is despondent.
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It seems that every answer leads to further problems,
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and perhaps he's not quite sure what constitutes justice after all.
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In employing this question-oriented approach,
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Socrates described himself as a midwife whose inquiries assist others in giving birth to their ideas.
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His method of questioning draws out an individual's unexamined assumptions,
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and then challenges those biases.
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It doesn't always provide definitive answers,
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but the method helps clarify the questions and eliminate contradictory or circular logic.
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And by following a line of inquiry where it logically leads,
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both the question asker and answerer can end up in unexpected places.
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This technique isn't limited by the conversation's content,
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making it incredibly useful in numerous fields.
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During the Renaissance, the method was used to teach clinical medicine.
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Students proposed their rationale for different diagnoses,
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while a doctor questioned their assumptions and moderated discussion.
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In this model, the method could even produce conclusive results.
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This same approach was later used in other sciences,
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such as astronomy, botany, and mathematics.
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Following the Protestant Reformation, it was adapted to tackle abstract questions of faith.
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In the 19th century, the method became an essential part of American legal education.
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Professors explored students' understanding of judicial reasoning by challenging them with unforeseen hypothetical situations.
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This approach is still used today by the Supreme Court to imagine the unintended impacts of passing a law.
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The Socratic method can be adapted to teach almost any topic that relies on critical reasoning,
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but its success depends on the teacher employing it.
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An effective Socratic educator must be well-versed in their subject.
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Rather than bullying their students or showing off their superior intellect,
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they should be modest, genuinely curious,
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and affirming of every contribution.
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In this regard, Socrates himself may not have been the most subtle Socratic teacher.
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Historians believe he was deeply critical of Athens' particular brand of democracy and known to pass those concerns on to his followers.
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These subversive beliefs were distorted in public forums and thought to have inspired two of his pupils to treasonous ends.
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It was likely for these ideas Socrates was brought to trial and eventually sentenced to death.
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But even on his deathbed,
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artists depict a serene philosopher,
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ever curious to explore the ultimate question.
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What was life like in Socrates' Athens?
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Travel back in time to 427 BCE and experience how an ancient democracy made its decisions.

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Context & Background

In the enlightening video "This tool will help improve your critical thinking" by Erick Wilberding, we are introduced to the Socratic Method, a distinctive approach to discourse attributed to the ancient philosopher Socrates. Socrates engaged his students and peers through a method of questioning that emphasized critical thinking over rote memorization of facts. This method not only encouraged deep reflection on complex issues such as morality and justice but also fostered an environment where assumptions could be challenged and clarified. In today's fast-paced world, mastering the art of asking questions can significantly enhance your communication skills and broaden your understanding of various topics.

Top 5 Phrases for Daily Communication

  • "What do you think about...?" - A great way to start a discussion and invite diverse perspectives.
  • "Could you explain that further?" - Encouraging elaboration strengthens understanding.
  • "Why do you believe that?" - This prompts critical analysis of one’s viewpoint.
  • "Are there any exceptions to your statement?" - This question challenges rigid thinking and opens up dialogue.
  • "What if we looked at it this way?" - A fantastic technique for introducing new angles to a conversation.

Step-by-step Shadowing Guide

To effectively enhance your English speaking skills using the shadowing app method, particularly with this content, follow these steps:

  1. Listen Repeatedly: Start by listening to the video multiple times. Familiarize yourself with Wilberding's tone, pacing, and emphasis on key phrases.
  2. Break It Down: Segment the video into manageable portions. Attempt to shadow small sections where essential phrases are discussed.
  3. Practice Shadow Speech: Use a shadowing site or your recording device to practice saying the phrases aloud simultaneously with the speaker. Focus on mimicking pronunciation and intonation.
  4. Reflect on Your Progress: After each repetition, evaluate your delivery. Are you accurately capturing the nuances of the dialogue? Adjust your approach as necessary.
  5. Engage in Dialogue: Once comfortable, find conversation partners or use shadow speaks to discuss the concepts from the video. Apply the phrases you've learned in real discussions.

By following this structured method, you can not only improve your speaking proficiency but also develop your critical thinking skills, much like the intrepid learners guided by Socrates.

Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?

Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.

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