Pratique du Shadowing: Understanding Global Atmospheric Circulation - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
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44 phrases
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Why is it that some parts of the world are warmer than others,
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even when they are approximately the same distance from the equator?
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For example, in the Scilly Isles that lie off the coast of Cornwall in southwest England,
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January temperatures are generally very mild.
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Frosts are extremely rare and snow even more so.
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Average daytime temperatures are about 10 degrees Celsius and nighttime about 5.
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Yet cross the Atlantic to the city of St John's in Newfoundland,
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Canada, and the situation is very different.
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In January there's an average 18 days of snow cover,
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and minimum temperatures at night average minus 9 degrees.
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That's a 14 degree difference between those two locations,
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even though they are at a similar latitude.
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One important factor is the Gulf Stream,
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a warm stream of surface water that circulates around the Atlantic Ocean.
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The North Atlantic Drift is an offshoot that circulates warm water around the Scillies,
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so the sea surface temperature almost never falls below 11 degrees in winter.
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In St John's at the same time,
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the sea temperature is 0.5 degrees.
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The Gulf Stream is partly caused by the circulation of ocean waters,
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but is mainly driven by winds.
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The Earth's climate, ocean currents and global atmospheric circulation or large-scale winds are interconnected.
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At any one time there are many different weather systems creating localised conditions around the globe.
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While storms are raging in the North Atlantic in February,
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in the Southern Hemisphere, Central Australia can be suffering intense heat,
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and heavy tropical rains might be falling in the Amazon rainforests.
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The global circulation model explains the Earth's atmospheric circulation.
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Heating and cooling effects around the globe are driven by wind.
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The starting point of this model is heat from the sun.
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Energy from the sun is shortwave light radiation and not actually heat.
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The heat we feel comes from light absorbed on the Earth's surface,
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which is converted into longwave radiation that we feel as heat.
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So on a warm day,
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the heat we feel comes from the Earth's surface heating the air around it.
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Our location on Earth plays a major part in determining the amount of heat we feel.
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In the Sahara, during the hottest months,
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air temperatures can rise above 50 degrees Celsius.
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Over the course of one year,
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the intensity of solar radiation,
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or insulation, is greatest over the equator because the sun is directly overhead.
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At the polar caps, the sun hits the Earth's surface at a much lower angle,
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so the same amount of energy is spread over a much larger area,
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which means it's cooler.
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Polar ice sheets also reflect most of the sunlight that does reach the surface.
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There is an excess of heat at the equator and a deficit at the poles.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau C2 s’appuie sur la vidéo « Understanding Global Atmospheric Circulation ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : heat, temperature, surface, degree, circulation. Cette vidéo contient 44 phrases et 455 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 3:20. Le locuteur parle à un rythme régulier d’environ 137 mots par minute, confortable pour le shadowing. Seuls 80 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
Les 15 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| circulation nom | /ˌsɝkjʊˈleɪʃən/ | circulation |
| equator nom | /ɪˈkweɪ.tɚ/ | équateur |
| circulate verbe | /ˈsɝ.kjʊˌleɪt/ | circuler |
| atmospheric adjectif | /ˌætməsˈfɛɹɪk/ | atmosphérique |
| polar adjectif | /ˈpoʊlɚ/ | polaire |
| interconnect verbe | /ˌɪn.tə.kəˈnɛkt/ | interconnecter |
| longwave adjectif | grande onde | |
| nighttime nom | /ˈnaɪtˌtaɪm/ | nuit |
| offshoot nom | /ˈɔf.ʃuːt/ | rejeton |
| rainforest nom | /ˈɹeɪn.fɔɹ.ɪst/ | pluvisylve, pluvisilve |
| shortwave adjectif | /ˈʃoɹtˌweɪv/ | onde courte |
| latitude nom | /ˈlætɪtud/ | latitude |
| daytime nom | /ˈdeɪtaɪm/ | journée, jour |
| insulation nom | /ˌɪnsəˈleɪʃən/ | isolation |
| absorb verbe | /æbˈsɔɹb/ | absorber |
Prononciation à surveiller
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: circulation /ˌsɝkjʊˈleɪʃən/, offshoot /ˈɔf.ʃuːt/, shortwave /ˈʃoɹtˌweɪv/, insulation /ˌɪnsəˈleɪʃən/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: circulation /ˌsɝkjʊˈleɪʃən/, atmospheric /ˌætməsˈfɛɹɪk/, interconnect /ˌɪn.tə.kəˈnɛkt/, insulation /ˌɪnsəˈleɪʃən/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: atmospheric /ˌætməsˈfɛɹɪk/, rainforest /ˈɹeɪn.fɔɹ.ɪst/, shortwave /ˈʃoɹtˌweɪv/, absorb /æbˈsɔɹb/, frost /fɹɔst/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Répétez phrase par phrase à vitesse normale, en reprenant chacune jusqu’à ce que votre rythme corresponde à celui du locuteur.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme circulation, equator, circulate.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.