Pratique du Shadowing: What Are Oil and Gas Production Facilities? - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo

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So right here is literally another one So there's literally oil and gas production facilities all over the place.

You're going to have a variety of sizes and designs, but essentially their purpose is all the same.

So probably when most people think about oil

and gas they think about a lot of the heavy industrial type activity

that happens in the first stages of essentially getting the well ready for production.

So we're talking about the drilling, so we see the drilling rig, the hydraulic fracturing process obviously gets a lot of attention,

but really what's going to be sticking around for the life of the well is actually the production facility.

So you're always going to find some type of facility within a reasonable distance of any well.

And the reason being is we've got to take what comes out of that well, i.e. oil, gas, and water, and even some impurities.

Because remember, this is all mixed up thoroughly from being inside the pore space of rock literally thousands of feet below us.

So we've got to take that and be able to separate, treat, and prepare those things for sale or disposal.

Now the oil and the gas is actually what makes the producers money, and that's the product they're after.

So they've got to separate that out, clean it up to whatever extent necessary and get it to sales.

The gas almost always goes into a buried sales pipeline

and the oil can also either be put into a pipeline or stored on site for pickup by truck.

Either way, once the oil or gas leaves the sites, the producer gets paid typically by the midstream company or whoever takes possession of it.

Now, often at multiple points through these processes, the volumes are measured.

And that's not only how royalty owners get paid, but also how the operating company gets paid.

Also, it lets the operating company get a better understanding of how their wells are producing

and what things can be done to optimize them.

Now, I also mentioned that water gets produced out of these wells.

And that's not always true, but more common than not.

So that water, once it's separated, will also be kept on site for trucking or can also be sent into a pipeline, just like oil.

However, operators don't get paid for that.

Instead, they would actually pay to have it taken away and disposed of.

In some cases, that water can actually be recycled or even produce revenue, but that is often not how the story goes.

All right, so now that you have a better understanding of why we need facilities and what they do for us, let's talk about design.

Now, if you were to take two facilities and try to compare them, you might be surprised that they're vastly different.

That can be as simple as, well they had different designers, but it is more likely due to a number of different factors

that I want to discuss and spell out for you here.

So these are in a couple different categories.

First off, let's look at well characteristics.

Now this is definitely going to define a facility

and essentially what components we need as well as sizing we're going to be talking about things like well pressure

so what is the pressure on the wells the facility's going to have to deal with what is the volume

and composition of what the wells are producing is it mostly are these mostly gas wells is mostly oil wells

how much water do we have to deal with how many impurities we have to deal with

and filter out like all of these things are going to dictate simple things such as the size

and number of equipment that we're going to need to deal with what we have at hand.

Also, the number of wells, right?

So it's going straight to how much volume we're going to have to be dealing with.

Now, as you can imagine, the greater the number of wells, the higher the volume that we're going to be getting out of these wells, you can imagine that would make the facility bigger.

And of course, if this is only a one well facility, it's probably not going to have to be that big.

However, economies of scale do come to play with facility design, and the size of the facility does not scale perfectly with the number of wells.

Next category I want to discuss is requirements.

So these are things such as federal requirements, state requirements, and even local requirements.

So what are the laws that govern the facility and its design, as well as the midstream requirements?

So remember I said at the beginning, we're going to be selling this oil and the gas, right?

So the company that's taking this from us, taking it off our hands, what are their requirements for them to pick it up for them to pay us for it, what requirements do we have to meet?

That's going to also filter back to what types of equipment we need to make us be able to hit those specs.

So this can be things such as, you know, how saturated the gas can be, how much water is in the gas, what temperature requirements do they have,

as well as how much tolerance do they have for impurities such as H2S or hydrogen sulfide.

And the last group of factors I want to discuss, and of course there's more, but let's talk about preferences and options.

So this is as simple as, well, what is the operating company or the oil and gas company?

What preferences do they have?

What lessons learned have they had?

How stringent are they on X, Y, XYZ things.

That's going to factor into it as well as what local options there are for the midstream companies or midstream takeaways.

So that also is going to affect design.

So what you're going to quickly realize about the design of a facility is

that the same objectives can be met a lot of different ways.

Now oftentimes if you look at a specific geographical region or even a specific operator, you're going to see very similar trends.

In a specific geographic area, the operating companies are going to be dealing with similar constraints and trying to meet similar objectives.

They're probably going to need similar types of equipment.

They're working in the same local governing entities.

So you're going to see some similarities there.

And then within a company themselves, usually they don't want to be changing facility designs every day or making every facility specific or specialized.

So you're going to also see some consistencies along with the companies as well.

All right, so now let's go over a handful of different examples of components that you might find on a facility.

Now, of course, these are in no particular order, and as mentioned, every facility can differ from each other.

Some facilities might only have a few of these items, while some might have more, all of them, and even more.

Now, I would say it's safe to say almost every single facility is going to have some form of separation equipment.

This can be heated or unheated.

It can be vertical, horizontal, two, three, or even four phase separators.

You're also going to have meters, tanks, additional gas processing.

It might come in the form of dehydration systems, compressors, combustors, or flares, pipes and valves,

pumps, pinging equipment, heaters, coolers, heat exchangers, filters.

And of course, you're going to have the electrical systems

and control systems or automation systems necessary to make the facility work and function safely.

As a side note, we actually have a handful of videos on these components and more will be coming.

All right so as you can imagine there's an unlimited number of facility designs

and examples that we could talk about but I'm going to give you just a few to start wrapping up this video.

So first off let's talk about legacy sites.

So this might be the wells that were drilled in the 1900s

and early 2000s when the emissions requirements weren't as stringent and so they might literally just be the well itself,

the separator, the tank, and the midstream gas connection and then the associative meter.

So it might be very simple and you can take

that now and let's talk about a site where we would be wanting to capture and control those emissions and rightfully so.

So those sites are going to not only have the same components as last time

but now they're going to be including things such as vapor recovery towers.

You're going to be including vapor recovery units.

You might have combustors and flares all those kinds of things.

So basically what we're trying to capture there or prevent from is the release of methane right.

So what happens is whenever you have high pressure oil

or water in your separator and you dump it to an atmospheric tank you get what we call flash gas.

So that's basically going to be natural gas, hydrocarbon, coming out of solution from that liquid state.

So we've got to either capture it or destroy it.

The third example I want to give you, and of course there's obviously many, many more, is the idea of a centralized facility.

So this might literally just be you have a well pad, you've got multiple wells, and they might have literally just separators for allocation on that well pad.

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So every well would have its own separator

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and you're just getting the allocation numbers and you're recombining everything and sending it to a centralized facility.

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That allows for a lot greater efficiency for the rest of the process.

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Usually this reduces emissions and reduces operating expenses.

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Often this is preferable if you have a lot of production in a centralized area.

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But as you can imagine oftentimes that is not the case.

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All right so as you can imagine facility design has changed a lot in the past years

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and of course it will continue to do

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so in the future now what companies are often focusing on right now include things such as reducing their footprints

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so using less land to build the facility second they're also reduced focused on reducing emissions

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and also increasing safety

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so this is done in a variety of ways often one

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of the ways it's achieved is through greater automation of the facilities

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that also helps to reduce the manpower that is required to keep the facility running and of course reduction of cost Now,

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of course, facilities wouldn't be able to stay up and running without service companies such as Apex Energy Service of Pennsylvania.

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These are companies that help to build and maintain the facility through offering roustabout services.

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They can clean the facility.

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They can also build and maintain the containment and, of course, offer trucking services as well.

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So a big thanks to Apex for sponsoring this video and thank you guys for watching.

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If you enjoyed the video, please be sure to like it and share it with a friend.

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And of course if you have any future topic suggestions go ahead and drop it in the comments below

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Until next time guys take care and we'll catch you in the next one

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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon

Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau B2 s’appuie sur la vidéo « What Are Oil and Gas Production Facilities? ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : facility, gas, oil, requirements, design. Cette vidéo contient 121 phrases et 1914 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 9:26. Le locuteur parle vite, environ 203 mots par minute : attendez-vous à des liaisons et à des sons réduits. 87 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc facile à suivre.

Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo

Les 15 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :

Mot	Prononciation	Sens
emission nom	/ɪˈmɪʃ.ən/	émission
centralize verbe	/ˈsɛntɹəlaɪz/	centraliser
impurity nom	/ɪmˈpjɝɪti/	impureté
pipeline nom	/ˈpaɪpˌlaɪn/	pipeline
drill nom	/dɹɪl/	foreuse, perceuse
oftentimes adverbe	/ˈɔf.ənˌtaɪmz/	souventesfois, souventefois
stringent adjectif	/ˈstɹɪn.d͡ʒənt/	strict
vapor nom	/ˈveɪpɚ/	vapeur
flare nom	/flɛɚ̯/	fusée lumineuse
govern verbe	/ˈɡʌv.ən/	gouverner
allocation nom	/ˌæl.əˈkeɪ.ʃən/	allocation
automation nom	/ˌɔ.təˈmeɪ.ʃən/	automatisation
preference nom	/ˈpɹɛf(ə)ɹ(ə)ns/	préférence
handful nom	/ˈhæn(d)fʊl/	manipule
associative adjectif	/əˈsoʊ.ʃi.ə.tɪv/	associatif

Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez

Mot	Prononciation	Sens
go ahead verbe	/ˌɡoʊ əˈhɛd/	vas-y, allez-y
take away verbe	/ˌteɪk əˈweɪ/	retirer
wrap up verbe		emballer

Prononciation à surveiller

Le locuteur utilise 35 contractions et formes réduites, comme you're, we're, they're. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.

Les sons « th »: methane /ˈmiːθeɪn/, thoroughly /ˈθʌɹ.ə.li/
Les sons « sh » et « zh »: emission /ɪˈmɪʃ.ən/, allocation /ˌæl.əˈkeɪ.ʃən/, automation /ˌɔ.təˈmeɪ.ʃən/, associative /əˈsoʊ.ʃi.ə.tɪv/, dehydration /dihaɪˈdɹeɪʃən/
Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: separator /ˈsɛpəˌɹeɪtəɹ/, allocation /ˌæl.əˈkeɪ.ʃən/, automation /ˌɔ.təˈmeɪ.ʃən/, associative /əˈsoʊ.ʃi.ə.tɪv/, dehydration /dihaɪˈdɹeɪʃən/

Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :

/h/ — il se souffle, il n’est pas muet: handful /ˈhæn(d)fʊl/, dehydration /dihaɪˈdɹeɪʃən/, heater /ˈhitɚ/, hydraulic /haɪˈdɹɔːlɪk/, horizontal /ˌhoɹəˈzɑn.təl/
/tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: stringent /ˈstɹɪn.d͡ʒənt/, fracture /ˈfɹæk.t͡ʃʰəː/, geographical /d͡ʒiəˈɡɹæfɪkl̩/, geographic /d͡ʒiəˈɡɹæfɪk/, hydrogen /ˈhaɪdɹəd͡ʒ(ə)n/
/r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: separator /ˈsɛpəˌɹeɪtəɹ/, centralize /ˈsɛntɹəlaɪz/, drill /dɹɪl/, stringent /ˈstɹɪn.d͡ʒənt/, preference /ˈpɹɛf(ə)ɹ(ə)ns/

Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo

Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme emission, centralize, impurity.

Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?

Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.

Technique du shadowing : lire le guide complet étape par étape →

Pratique du Shadowing: What Are Oil and Gas Production Facilities? - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo

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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon

Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo

Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez

Prononciation à surveiller

Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo

Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?